SUGAR. 149 



are very nearly the same as in starch. The varieties 

 of sugar contain slightly different proportions of these 

 elements ; thus the composition of cane sugar is not 

 precisely the same as that of sugar obtained from 

 grapes, beet-root,- or other plants. Cane sugar con- 

 sists of — 



Carbon 4499 



Oxygen 4860 



Hydrogen 641 



10,000 



The composition of grape sugar is — 



Carbon 3671 



Oxygen 5651 



Hydrogen 678 



10,000 



343. The manufacture of sugar from the sugar-cane 

 is chiefly carried on in tropical countries. The canes 

 are cut in pieces, and crushed in a rolling mill, so as 

 to squeeze out the juice. The juice thus obtained is 

 mixed with a small quantity of lime, and rapidly 

 heated to the boiling point. The scum which sepa- 

 rates is collected and removed, and when the juice is 

 sufficiently evaporated, it is allowed to cool that the 

 sugar may separate. The uncrystallizable syrup, or 

 molasses, is drained off from tjie crude sugar thus 

 obtained, and which is termed raw or Muscovado 

 sugar. 



344. Sugar is refined by dissolving the raw sugar 



13* 



