142. 



average conditions are (rt/X) uncommon. Conditions are better in Europe. 

 Different nations hove different methods, but they all agree on site 

 if icption. 



b. The classification of site by size of the individual tree 

 (stem analysis) is easier to apply ?.nd simpler for the vdld-v/oods condi- 

 tions. 



. The study of composition, stand, and herbacious flora && 

 and shrubs is helpful. If a species will or will nor quit, it indicates 

 sour soil, or some such clew. Local studies are necepg^ry, but may not 

 be satisfactory or convincing, especially if curried on too large a sca3> 

 or not exact or definite enough. Such are studies of topography, site, 

 etc., which are carried an by some farmers. The presence of Jack pine 

 shows poor land. 



d. The study of the site factors themselves is laborious, and 

 should include an analysis of soils, etc. Of the site classifications in 

 'urope, not I in 1000 was determined by the studjr of the site itself. 

 This is scientific study, arid ia often good for preliminary work, 



je. The study, classification and mapping of sites is always one 

 of the important tasks of the forester in the field. Sites, especially in 

 regard to soil, topography and exposure, vary in wide limits on both 

 small and large aro- . intakes in European >ork occur because they gen- 

 erally do not take these v-v.riaoions into consideration/. 



In the Jnitod States we do not plant && big areas with one species 

 as lias been done in Europe, but we have tended to other mistakes of our 

 own. 



2. Variations in site. The forester and the site. 



a. These variati* as, as mentioned above, results in different 

 growth ant different kinds of timber, volume, quality, size, and rate of 

 growth, which affects the money question. Here was an important case in 



... : arope raised oak on different classes of lands; it was good on 

 sites I and II, but it was not profitable even on II at 3^. Sites III, IV 

 and V wer>: not profitable. 



b. These variations demand different species and proper choice 

 of specie. 



. These variations demand different treatment for different 



kinds of atfinus, as selection, etc. 



%. Site and the Forester. 



make site: we irrigate, till, manure, give it organic and 

 inorgnnic matter, and even change the topography. 



The forester affects site only thru the forest cover itself. His 

 means are; 



1) A choice of species. Avoid poor trees of poor cover; expos- 

 ed or poor lands, etc. 



2) Keep the cover in the best shpe possible to keep the soil 

 alive --nd ctive, and do not waste the soil moisture. 



3) Avoia even temporary breaks in soil protection unless the 

 climate and soil are amply able to stand it. 



