Forestry 2b. 143. 



Chapter IV. 



VIC 3 OF THK 3TANJ3. 



:i. The Tree. 



The tree starts as a sssdling and parses thru several stages, 

 sapling, pole, standard, veteran. There is no special stimulus for heigh 

 hrovrth; there is ^ood diameter growth, the stem is thick at the butt, 

 the tree is windfirm; the final form is typical of the species/. 



ith plenty of food the volume growth i fast and is kept up to 

 old oe, with no maximum for ordinary ages. The fruiti- are ample and the 

 reproauc tion is vigorous. 



The tree in the open depends on itself, as it gets no help from 

 the outside in the beginning or in its development. 



g. The Stand of Trees. 

 General development: 



a,. At first there is a dense stand of natural reproduction, 

 with several trees per square yard. 



1). A struggle for soil moisture begins early, followed by 



a stru^l'. f-or li;jht ?:nd crown space. 



jc. At a height of 5 feet there are about 10 trees per square 

 ya d, and adl trees suffer from the crowding. tfo tree has the space, the 

 soil or the li>;ut which it wants and can make use of. 



cU 'Jtronc trees outgrow the weaker trees, while both suffer 



and ar retarded in growth nnd development . They cannot spread their 



root. c ; or the-ir tops according to their nature, because they are BO 

 crovde . 



. The results in the sapling age are: a thin weak stand, a 

 contracted sparse crown, less food arid therefore less root growth; a 

 weaker tree, less v;indfirm and. resistant to snow, less vigorous in its 

 ovn anatomy and leas resistant to fungi and even to insects, 



For this stage of the tree Sanitation of the forest is especially 

 beneficial. 



. The feeding is small and insufficient for growth, therefore 

 thero is lesn and slower growth per tree. '%en the limit for the twig 

 is re died it dies, /lien the limit for the tree is reached it dies, from 

 starvation. 



g. Thus a separation takes place in the stand, some trees 

 dropping out and dying: the strong portion of the stand continues, faste; 

 at first and gradually getting slower in its growth with age until it 

 ceases to grow any raore at about 100 years; in 10,1!), or 20 years more 

 they begin to die out again. 



This results in the production of a Principal and a -Secondary 

 stand: the principal stand is composed of healthy arid actively growing 



