149. 



j>. Growth in Uncared-for Land: The trees all proceed similarly 

 at the otart; they must fight, success is variable, in spots and clumps 

 where the stronger trees go ahead. At a certain age the acre is stocked 

 as fully a it can be stocked. A portion of the stand is being annihila- 

 ted during -h, to be thinned out. If the stand is not cared for, will 

 this ^annihilation go on side by siue v;ith growth? At what time would 

 you have the maximum amount of timber QJI the acre . with spruce, Scotch 

 pine, etc.? Annihilation finnlly takes the whole stand at the end, 



have renched the no at interesting part of ."orestry, the devel- 

 opment of stands of timber or 71 10 b.tuajr ojf the L_ife. of the Forest .Notice 

 the client fc- tare- of this development and study them more in detail. 



aoid. >, there eoneo a ii/ae when the maximum stand is reach- 

 ed, and it "/ill deteriorr- te afterwards. At isihat age is this? 



".h Lk-otch pine in I'icli. ihi:.? age is reached at 60 yearo, if un- 

 carea for. Thinning heirs, but not indefinitely; the limit is again 

 reached at - years* You must either thin the stand or have it die on 

 your h^.ndij. The limit cones later on in tolerant trecc. 



3o there are t/ ro factors v:ith v-hich the forester must deal: 

 In early life: competition. kills trees. 

 In maturity: tr ie naturally. 



An .-.-ven- \jed stand: the trees come up together. They generally axe 

 not all one size, "out develop size da sea. The difference is greater 

 in wild-'voodo. :;ven in cared-for woodu in Germany, in a 100 year st-uid 

 of spruce '.-n ..-itc I: 



Hei^it varied from 100 * down to 70 f 

 Volume " n 100 cu. ft .down to 30 cu.ft. 



This siloes a rac>ier astonishing variation between a small and a 

 tree in the same stand. 



In lOO^year pine hei^it varied from 90 to 00 ft. 

 In 90-60 year beech height varieu from 80-60 ft. 

 Generally the difference is greater in tolerant trees than in 

 intolernnt treey. Vhe hei^lit difference here v/as less tlian in spruce, 



. The development of a atand of timber is never uniform on a 

 large area; it varies from acre to acre, according to site, accident, ete. 

 Disturbance may be by single trees, by clumps, or by tracts* A large 

 stand rarely has the s^ma requirements in different parts, ^v'ind, frost, 

 ice, etc., are normal conditions; insects, hail, etc., all affects the 

 tree. 



One hundred acres of 60 year spruce densely planted is sensitive, 

 and as soon as it is broken nny here trouble comeo. The jlluropean forester 

 uses .-.mail compartments, Find develops strong borders with good crowns. 

 It is ^ood Silvicultural practice to havu as small patches as possible. 

 The German forester today is going dpwi. not up, in the size of his pat- 

 ches, of tisn even to 20 acre lot;, in b4g forewts. Small lots are easier 

 to handle. If it is injured, it is easy to cut it clean and reforest, 

 easier than if it was on a large lot. This method gives a lot of inde- 

 pendent pieces, which may be separated by a lane wide enough to separate 

 the cro'wns, :ay about a chain (66 feet). 



(Insert : Dorr Skeelo and Lodgepole pine). 



Shelterwood J-plat forests near the Black Forest. 



Nature does the s^ine tiling, but is wasteful. 



