156. 



before the old stand dia- , - s in the ehelterv/ood form. The old 



stand m.-r/ remain till the' twc-storied form comes. ?7ith a small part of 

 the old et^nd the reserve form appears. 



4)By the n-me form of seeding in irregular areas and at 



various times, thus producing irregular forms, while in other pl~cee for 

 certain periods it continues to give n even distribution. This produces 

 characteristics of anall-a^ed or many-aged form. 



b. Van has only modified these methods; he has systematized tJa< 

 work, extended nrid perfected artificial ac against natural reproduction, 

 tho he has not welded any radical improvement. Like Mature he depends 

 primarily on the ;r.:Uiod of reproduction which gives tlie particular form < 

 fore t desired. 'Jhe methods of reproduction are therefore so intimately 

 wrapped up with the forms of forest desired thst the classifications of 

 forms hs=! not r if from the methods. Tims the methods of re- 



production took on the dignity and importance of Silvicultural Systems; 

 eo in speaking of ^ys terns v/e mean primarily Reproduction arid not Care. 



These methods may be modified: 



a) In rt to coraposition. 



It) In regard to origin or Manner of starting, aa seed or 

 rout, ^eed v\uy oe classed under three heads; 



1} Seeding or planting in the open; reproduction after 



the stand 



2) Seeding under trees befores the otand goes. 



3) deeding under trouo continuously v?ithout the removal 

 of the stand . 



c) In regard to tlie time employed. Clear cutting may thus b< 

 modified for some cases. Some stands seoci from the aide, o there seed 

 gradually, 10-lb' .' according to tlie seed yenru. Uhe shelterwood syS' 



, with one seed fall, may take kO-k^' yearr> . Tliis may be modified by 

 -tific. iction, A slielterwood. on slope land may have seed years 

 every { ) or 6 yoors, and continue, for ^0 years in all. A selection system 

 seeding ycr-r by year has continuous reproduction. Thun these methods may 

 led R greau ueal, in: 

 Area, 

 Size, 



id the Sli? id position 

 'vhich is taken in liand at any one time. 



le examples will fee given as found in practice: 



A simple case: clear cut form with natural or artificial 

 reproduction on a good sized tract. A vdiole-40 acre plot is cut over at 

 one time. On a small piece may ur,e artificial reproduction, except that 



ny foresters are afraid of small stride; they like large pieces. On 

 small plots there is not enough work to keep gangs of men busy, there is 

 a smrll -mount of r,tock and transportation for each plot; they are claim 

 to be expensive and "puttering*. 



The regulation way nov is to take it by 

 strips in successive periods of ye^rs. 



In intensive tracts as in 

 ii, odd blocks of I? 

 to 10 acres could Vie treat- 

 ed thus. 



Compartments may be formed on a large property, and each compart- 



