3eserve stand method: leave trees which you are sure 

 will stay for a long time. Select unusually good arid haraj 

 trees. This is a different choice from that which obtained 

 in the scattered seed tree method. Here the quality of the 

 trees modifies the system, but does not alter it. 



Groups of seed trees may be left when the clear cutting 

 system with natural reproduction (which is the fundamen- 

 ts ays tew) in employed. This iB simply another modifi- 



tion of tile fundamental system 



Sped tree: a left in blocks is another modification of 



r cutting system with natural reproduction. The 

 difference between a group and a block is the difference 

 in their sixes. A block M is the unit of management trentec 

 in a v.'orkim; vlan", and contains at least two compart- 

 ment- . xere are, therefore, MO re trees in a. clock than 

 in a gro-jy, and the size of the plot is larger. So here the size of the 

 plots 'mo:;i.1'i' fundamental system. 



Thus we see thnt there are many mociif icrxtions of the f uridamental 

 c?epr cutting Syste i either natural or artificial reproduction. It 

 is t } ir , 88 in all cases, out is Applied differently in details. 

 Thewe modification? ->re based on: 



1) .distribution of seed trees 

 2- 'it/ of need trees 

 11 :f seed trees 

 4) distance of seed away 

 J ) Area 



-a. Shape 



b. Size 



_c. orntion 



system 



2) l>helter-wood form is just the same in practice as the clear 

 cutting; system. For instance, on this 40 acre plot, 

 the forester might cut for light in 1910 



cut for seed in 1915 

 cut clenr in 192C 



Another and a very common modif icrtion, is to cut 

 P.B above in R moderately sized comp-irtment . The same can 



done with a big set of compartments. It may also be 

 trird with patches of defective timber, often with natura 

 reproduction already started in beech or balsam. 



A common modification of this is: to be sure that you 

 systematically cover your compartment, use strips. 



Some people modify modify this in still another way, 

 in the sketch at the left. 



In this modification the idea is to get less of a 

 sweep of wind, especially when the windr, are hot and ury. 



The silvicultural system used here is the same in all 

 cases. r ^he difference ia the area arrangement: the way in which you 

 attack your land. This depends on the aize, shape and position oi 



