167. 



The growth of the seedling is slow due to competition. In less 

 tolerant species like pine there :'.? ^rent danger of injury to young 

 growth from too much shade, even to the point of loss of reproduction. If 

 the shelter is removed the stand starts ns clear cut, --but starts too 

 densely in 3T)ots nnd ^"ints early help. In patches of more or less spindly 

 growth: r Buffer from snow and storms, -hen 20 years old it ought to 

 resemble an artificial stand; the rest follows the system of clear cutting 



b. This ni is applicable as follov/s: theoretically it 

 i.-.-! j-tood for all species; practically it is applied to but few. It is pos- 

 sible with ~I1 STJCC nd on p.ll sites, if you have to use it. Hartig 

 prescribed th m for all the : forests of Prussia; they worked 

 in pi;, - r is lenst --lap ted to this syate . 



To cuc'ce 



(1; J3 -. tree must be tolerant si it v:ill grow under the 

 er tr 



(2) The tree ruust have sufficient seed yt-*rs and be a gooa 

 r. 



(3) The seed' .jrust reat for a long time- -and still 

 recover 1'ror, r,.;. -_:resei . 



The tre< . t still "be v/Iridf ina enough so you can 

 at CD- r id expose the tree. This can not be done with spruce. 



. 'Till i- syst meraily advocated and officially ordered 

 '13 i .. It ~.s the synter? v;hich hoc! the most universal applica- 

 tion of t; ] -19 been largely abandoned for most species in Cen- 

 tr?.;l 56 : 



(1) '"he se^d yenrs tliere ire far apart; some of Uie best 

 oion, 1J cech, are poor seederrj. 'llien, the stand opens; much 



bio-'s dj-.Tij :; . ;3oil deteriorate "beco-:.es li/nby, and closes up; there 

 is much losi? of r.ctu-.l incorae o.nc. rent *ltho the last third of tlie stand 

 3 



(2) The reproduction is dense, and requires artificial 



v-s 



i^ -u . . 



(3) dge conditions obtain in f-;,il spots, and they are not 

 flY. i c'_v f ^ : " - lji ^ thrt can be rernidied. Above tlie height of 20 feet this 

 cannot be helped; the land is practically waotcc. 



(4) The system did not rvork well in important species: 



pine either either refuses to seed or the reproduction dies, from shading 

 o r t i o n . 



d^. Grovth, development and reproduction of the stand. 



r. 1 ^A&ft places p.re incurs-ble, and normally cause consi- 

 derable lose. If the reproduction is ood ana the stand variable, it 



overdenoe to normal, needing early attention, expense and 

 c^re for dense stands. The remaining development anci results are as be- 

 fore because the stand io even-a^ed. Tliis system lias produced some magni- 

 ficent stands of timber. 



<2. This system protects the soil better than the clear cut. 

 The nlovr process is better. It needs tcl :r; where tlie process 

 fails and artificial help in not given the soil ir.ny suffer as much as in 

 r cut 



. Intensive good business rejects the iaielterwood system. 



(1) .-eproduclion is too uncert-iin, too slow, uneven, 

 and dependent on need years. 



(2) The young stand requires too ruuch care in Uie bush 



