169. 



j_. The phcltor-'jood nyatem applies to lar ; ;e and to small areas 

 in the strir>, patch, group or any combination, "but it always remains the 

 8 system in the characteristic method and result. 



5) Selection ^yetem or Single Tree method. 



This is Gayer f s Mature ?orm; it is Nature's form of forest. 

 . Theoretically all ages, from the seedling to the mature 

 tree, exist on n.ny one acre; mired, single, etc. 



Practically this is rarely if ever the case. The timber is usually 

 in ?r iriany- -\cred for- . ;her the youn<', Iddle-ag^d or the old stuff pre- 

 ils and for . l ; of the stand. This ie equalized on larger area, 

 of a thousand or iac ores, so th ;e &ifc-l&"6 classes appear in 



fairl, feet , recent'. tion is not numerical, but 



i" - n area representation, as ther.* must always be a Is-r^er proportion of 

 young than of old trees; nor \ representation indicated by what is 

 in the e veto -:;.; and always atv.rts vri'ch larger num- 



bers than - this crn v.ry. If you plant 3 X 3^ or 10x10, you will 

 nor i/ferent sxtrv-. proportion for tJie two c.^nea. 



.Iortf:.".lly natural reproduction gives much young stuff wherever it is 

 . 



.le tree mixture piclcs up in spite of the forester's effort. 

 It tends to an ;>;ed st*?nd. A period of over 70 years may pass, during 



:o reproduction till the ;:;t'incl ie over; v/hen this is once 

 done . ts in all over the stunc ins drifts in the 



direction of an even- -c alielterv-'ood, ?.r, soon as the stand is opened up 

 frc 



30d ny^tcma grade into and replace 



in tliig system. Here is \ typical c-ise: young trees start in 

 or ^ings. Usually groups of thrifty seedli.-ic^ t .:ro\v near the 



- oat;, tc the light. Such a small &reR is hidden 

 receives no attention -oii^lly till t id of the next 



fore perish entirely, it may be stunted beyond reco- 

 y, or conposea of P. fev specimens m.'iy ;:;ro"/ up limby. This 



ong the (?TO ^ ; edge ru.way v:xisttt N-.nd leads to regular edge 

 cor: , 146). if the opening is small and the trees about the 



oung enough, as ;n h".'ru- i: oods sorc^ti: : 03, they pusli toward the 



~ht into ti.e opening snd may entirely close up the gap or close so much 



of it ress the yo 



If tiie forenter f oresccd the situation he helps, by thinning about 

 the ifficiently to protect the reproduction. In this manner the 



-;>:: he bnrvestr,, thin:.:, .?.,nd works for reproduction 

 cut . 



anally in the selection system the yoang growth starts and grows 

 clov/ly '?.nd. cnly tlie better survive, and ranch of this is stunted. They are 

 crowded /'i^ded . ?he youn^ trees push up but their neighbors are tall 



e them and compete ^ritli them. On the other hand, the neighbors 

 protect the ycirn^ st-iff fr. :id frost, . . protect tiie site. 



t they do not Afford rrotec Innt sno-r in openings; snow fills up 

 i n r- 1 e r d . 



ee gro7?s, the croons puoai up against and into the 



crowns of the old timber, therefore edge conditions follow. Those 

 along; the . .In the center they push out, 



clean well, -o, healthy timber. 



