(3) In the shelterwood system we merely leave the "best 



trees for the last, instead of the poorest for shelter, e may keep them 

 20-30-40 yenrs, according to circumstances, vfliere oak and beech are used 

 in ciisture, it is common to lenve the oak thru the second rotation of the 



"bech. 



(4) In the selection system no particular or special tree 

 is necessary. Simply leave as many of the "best as you choose. 



([?'} The method of reproduction is not modified* It may be 

 planting, seeding, shelterwood or selection* 



(6) To be successful, the system requires that the reserve 

 trees be vigorous, that they do not suffer by the exposure of their 

 crowns, that they be windfirm, and that they be trees worth while. The 

 soil must be kept in good shape right along. This system may not be good 

 for hard oods; woodlots frequently dried up and became sodded. Therefore 

 the reserve tree system is not as good in connection with the clear cut 

 and plant system; it is better with the shelterwood; it is best with the 

 selection forest. 



(7) Advantages of the reserve tree system: 



a) It raises only specially heavy sizes. The timber 



os often great and means money. In Europe it may change the value of tim- 

 ber from 12/ to !{# per cubic foot, a change of 3X P** <*u. ft. o* 25#* 

 which is good business. 



Disadvantages of the reserve tree system: 



a) The reserve treesafeade the young stuff, and prevent 

 them from growing around the foot of the reserve trees. 



b) The logging of the reserve stuff means breaking 

 down the young stuff. 



c) The timber often blows down all the time, making 

 logging out constantly necessary all the time. 



(8) In seeding from the side, the reserve tree method has 

 an additional advantage in so far as the reserve tree performs two 

 distinct functions: 



a) It seeds the land. 



b) Sxtra growth of timber of reserve trees is obtained. 



b. Two-storied Forest. 



(1) In south German oak forests they start a dense oak 



forest by artificial seeding in rows or drills; they thin early and often 

 According to the species and at 50 years of age they underplant with 

 beech. Thus the beech grows up under and into the oak and is handled on 

 the shelterwood plan. It reproduces at 80-120 years and a second genera- 

 tion of beech comes up under the oak. All this time the oak is protected 

 against the beech, and is treated as the preferred stand or final crop. 

 Thus the oak normally goes thru two or three generations of beech, and 

 finally the beech and oak are completely harvested and a new stand of oak 

 is started. 



(2) Ordinary form: Seebach's Form of two- story Forest: this 

 consists of a stand of beech or other hardwoods, which is opened up at 

 the age of 20 to 60 years and is underplant ed with beech or some other 

 tolerant species* After the underplanting there are two forms of treat- 

 ment possible: 



