176. 



Some of the common forms of standard coppice follow: the standards 

 may be a part of the coppice; the standards may be of a more tolerant 

 species; the standards may be intolerant and the coppice tolerant, in 

 which case we can use more standards without hurting the coppice. This is 

 better than having to use more coppice, which may hurt the standards. 



The French and Germans make a specialty of standard coppice, and 

 frequently cut in 20-40 year rotations. They often produce two distinct 

 stands on the ground. The standards may be of one or several age classes. 



Disadvantage of standard coppice: The upper story of the standards 

 is too open, the trees get limby; the lower story is held back by the 

 standards. In spite of this limbiness the standards are long-lived, and 

 healthy because they get much light . 



The standards in high forest are flifferent. They are exceptionally 

 good trees which have been left. They grew in a closed stand; on opening 

 up the stand we may have Jrrouble. In standard coppice the trees grow up 

 in constant conditions: there is no sudden change, and therefore there is 

 better health. 



. The standard coppice is as safe as the ordinary coppice 

 but in practice it needs more care and knowledge. It is apt to go back 

 to straight coppice. There is a tendency to abuse it just because it is 

 safe. 



el. The volume and quality growth is large; it is even claimed 

 to beat that of the even-aged stand. A high quality of timber and a large 

 amount of smaller stuff is obtained, but this never compares with spruce, 

 balsam and pine in the amount of medium sized shapely building and saw 

 timber. In practice it is sure to get limby. 



. The standard coppice system may change the wite well; && 

 there is nothing better if well handled. 



jT. Business reasons for rejecting this system: 



(1) All the same reasons as with ordinary coppice (page 

 tho better. crop and money is obtained if it is good. 



(2) It requires greater care because every standard needs 

 watching. 



(3) It is liable to injury from exposure in open stand 

 conditions . 



4) There is danger of many water-sprouts in oak, etc. 



5) There is danger of aun-scald in beech, because of its 

 thin bark, dry tops, etc. 



Business reasons in favor of standard coppice: 



1) All the good points of the ordinary coppice (p.l?5)- 



2) It produces a certain amount of large timber in good 

 condition. 



It gives a larger yield per acre per year for the money 

 It pilows a production of conifers and hardwoods on 

 the same land. 



