266 SlNO-lRANICA 



all the district and prefectural gazetteers of Sen-si Province enumerate 

 the walnut in the lists of products. The " Gazetteer of San-tun" 1 

 mentions walnuts for the prefectures of Ts'i-nan, Yen-cou, and Ts'in- 

 Cou, the last-named being the best. The Gazetteer of the District of 

 Tun-no JK PP in the prefecture of Tai-nan in San-tun reports an 

 abundance of walnuts in the river- valleys. An allusion to oil-production 

 from walnuts is found in the " Gazetteer of Lu-nan," where it is said, 

 "Of all the fruits growing in abundance, there is none comparable to 

 the walnut. What is left on the markets is sufficient to supply the needs 

 for lamp-oil." 3 Also under the heading "oil," walnut-oil is mentioned 

 as a product of this district. 4 



Juglans regia, in its cultivated state, has been traced by our botanists 

 in San-tun, Kian-su, Hu-pei, Yun-nan, and Se-S'wan. 6 Wilson nowhere 

 saw trees that could be declared spontaneous, and considers it highly 

 improbable that Juglans regia is indigenous to China. His opinion is 

 certainly upheld by the results of historical research. 



A wild species (Juglans mandshurica or cathayensis Dode) occurs 

 in Manchuria and the Amur region, Ci-li, Hu-pei, Se-S'wan, and Yun- 

 nan. 6 This species is a characteristic tree of the Amur and Usuri val- 

 leys. 7 It is known to the Golde under the name kocoa or ko^oa, to the 

 Managir as korlo, to the Gilyak as tiv-alys. The Golde word is of 

 ancient date, for we meet it in the ancient language of the Juri, Juen, 

 or NiuSi in the form xusu* and in Manchu as xosixa. The great antiquity 

 of this word is pointed out by the allied Mongol word xusiga. The 

 whole series originally applies to the wild and indigenous species, 



1 San tun fun li, Ch. 9, p. 15. 



f Ch. 2, p. 32 (1829). 



8 Quotation from Lu-nan li &jt ^) ]g, in the San cou tsun U $) ^ $| ,-g 

 (General Gazetteer of San-Sou), 1744, Ch. 8, p. 3. 



4 Ibid., Ch. 8, p. 9. Oil was formerly obtained from walnuts in France both 

 for use at table and for varnishing and burning in lamps, also as a medicine sup- 

 posed to possess vermifuge properties (AINSLIE, Materia Indica, Vol. I, p. 464). 



8 See particularly C. S. SARGENT, Plantae Wilsonianae, Vol. Ill, pp. 184-185 

 (1916). J. ANDERSON (Report on the Expedition to Western Yunan, p. 93, Calcutta, 

 1871) mentions walnuts as product of Yun-nan. According to the Tien hai yu hen 

 li (Ch. 10, p. i b; above, p. 228), the best walnuts with thin shells grow on the Yan-pi 

 or Yan-p'ei River fi '/| fll of Yun-nan. 



8 FORBES and HEMSLEY, Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany, Vol. XXVI, 

 p. 493; SARGENT, op. cit., pp. 185 et seq. J. DE LOUREIRO (Flora cochinchinensis, 

 p. 702), writing in 1788, has a species Juglans camirium (Annamese deau lai) "habitat 

 agrestis cultaque in Cochinchina;" and a Juglans catappa (Annamese cay mo cua) 

 ''habitat in sylvis Cochinchinae montanis." 



7 GRUM-GRZIMAILO, Description of the Amur Province (in Russian), p. 313. 



1 W. GRUBE, Schrift und Sprache der Juc'en, p. 93. 



