THE WALNUT 269 



Hu $J people gather these nuts in abundance, and send them to the 

 Chinese officials, designating them as curiosities 3^M. As to their 

 shape, they are thin and pointed; the head is slanting like a sparrow's 

 beak. If broken and eaten, the kernel has a bitter taste resembling that 

 of the pine-seeds of Sin-ra if it & -f. 1 Being hot by nature, they are 

 employed as medicine, and do not differ from the kernels of northern 

 China." 



The Pei hu lu 2 likewise mentions the same variety of glandular wal- 

 nut (p*ien ho-t'ao) as growing in the country Can-pei fi $>, shaped 

 like the crescent of the moon, gathered and eaten by the Po-se, 3 having 

 a very fine fragrance, stronger than the peach-kernels of China, but of 

 the same effect in the healing of disease. 



The species here described may be identical with Juglans catha- 

 yensis y called the Chinese butternut, usually a bush, but in moist 

 woods forming a tree from twelve to fifteen metres tall; but I do not 

 know that this plant occurs in any Malayan region. With reference to 

 Can-pi, however, it may be identical with the fruit of Canarium com- 

 mune (family Burseraceae) , called in Malayan kanari, in Javanese kenari. 

 J. CRAWFURD/ who was not yet able to identify this tree, offers the 

 following remarks: "Of all the productions of the Archipelago the one 

 which yields the finest edible oil is the kanari. This is a large handsome 

 tree, which yields a nut of an oblong shape nearly of the size of a walnut. 

 The kernel is as delicate as that of a filbert, and abounds in oil. This 



Can-pi is a Malayan territory probably to be located on Sumatra. For this reason 

 I am inclined to think that Can-pi f JJI is identical with Can-pei J| BjL ; that is, 

 Jambi, the capital of eastern Sumatra (HiRTH and ROCKHILL, Chau Ju-kua, pp. 65, 

 66; see further GROENEVELDT, Notes on the Malay Archipelago, pp. 188, 196; and 

 GERINI, Researches on Ptolemy's Geography, p. 565; Lin wai tai ta, Ch. 2, p. 12). 

 From a phonetic point of view, however, the transcription 3 4fl, made in the 

 T'ang period, represents the ancient sounds *can-pit, and would presuppose an 

 original of the form *2ambit, fiambir, or jambir, whereas ^L is without a final con- 

 sonant. The country Can-pei is first mentioned under the year A.D. 852 (^ 4* sixth 

 year), when Wu-sie-ho ^ ffi J! and six men from there came to the Chinese Court 

 with a tribute of local products (T'ai p'in hwan yu ki, Ch. 177, p. 15 b). A second 

 embassy is on record in 871 (PELLIOT, Bull, de VEcole fran$ aise, Vol. IV, p. 347). 



1 Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. (J. MATSUMURA, Shokubutsu mei-i, pp. 266-267, 

 ed. 1915), in Japanese losen-matsu ("Korean pine"); see also STUART, Chinese 

 Materia Medica, p. 333. Sin-ra (Japanese Sin-ra, Siraki) is the name of the ancient 

 kingdom of Silla, in the northern part of Korea. 



2 Ch. 3, p. 5 (ed. of Lu Sin-yuan). 



3 $l ^T certainly is here not Persia, for the Pei hu lu deals with the products 

 of Kwafi-tun, Annam, and the countries south of China (PELLIOT, Bull, de VEcole 

 fran$aise, Vol. IX, p. 223). See below, p. 468. The Pei hu lu has presumably served 

 as the source for the text of the Lin piao lu i, quoted above. 



4 History of the Indian Archipelago, Vol. I, p. 383. 



