270 SlNO-lRANICA 



is one of the most useful trees of the countries where it grows. The 

 nuts are either smoked and dried for use, or the oil is expressed from 

 them in their recent state. The oil is used for all culinary purposes, 

 and is more palatable and finer than that of the coconut. The kernels, 

 mixed up with a little sago meal, are made into cakes and eaten as 

 bread. The kanari is a native of the same country with the sago tree, 

 and is not found to the westward. In Celebes and Java it has been 

 introduced in modern times through the medium of traffic." 



The Yu yan tsa tsu 1 speaks of a man hu t'ao II S9 $6 as "growing 

 in the kingdom of Nan-ao ^ IB in Yun-nan; it is as large as a flat 

 conch, and has two shells of equal size; its taste is like that of the 

 cultivated walnut. It is styled also 'creeper in the land of the Man* 

 (Man tun t'en-tse 8 ^Jl-?)." It will be remembered that Twan 

 C'en-si, the author of this work, describes also the cultivated walnut 



(P. 264). 



The T'ai p*ih yii Ian contains another text attributed to the Lin 

 piao lu i relating to a wild walnut, which, however, is not extant in the 

 edition of this work published in the collection Wu yin tien in 1775. 

 This text is as follows: "The large walnut has a thick and firm shell. 

 It is larger than that of the areca-nut. 2 It has much meat, but little 

 glumelle. It does not resemble the nuts found in northern China. It 

 must be broken with an axe or hammer. The shell, when evenly 

 smoothed over the bottom, is occasionally made into a seal, for the 

 crooked structure of the shell (ko M) resembles the seal characters." 3 



In the Lin wai tai ta ^ ^ ft ^, 4 written by Cou K'ii-fei JH * # 

 in 1178, mention is made, among the plants of southern China and 

 Tonking, of a "stone walnut (Si hu t'ao ^ $8 $fc), which is like stone, 

 has hardly any meat, and tastes like the walnut of the north." Again, 

 a wild species is involved here. I have not found the term Si hu t'ao in 

 any other author. 



The various names employed by the T'ang writers for the wild 



1 Ch. 19, p. 9 b (ed. of Tsin tai pi $u) ; or Ch. 19, p. 9 a (ed. of Pai hai). 



* This sentence, as well as the first, agrees with the definition given by the Pei 

 hu lu with reference to a wild walnut (above, p. 268). 



1 T'ai p'in yii Ian, Ch. 971, p. 8 b. The same text is cited by the Pen ts'ao kan 

 mu and the Ko li kin yuan (Ch. 76, p. 5 b), which offer the reading San hu t'ao \lj 

 SB $fc ("wild walnut") instead of "large walnut." The Kwan k'iinfan p'u (Ch. 58, 

 p. 26) also has arranged this text under the general heading "wild walnut." The 

 Pen ts'ao kan mu opens it with the sentence, "In the southern regions there is a wild 

 walnut." The restriction to South China follows also from the text as given in the 

 T'ai p'in yii Ian. 



4 Ch. 8, p. 10 b (ed. of Ci pu tsu lai ts'un $u). 



