THE WALNUT 273 



and has a thick, hard skin (shell), difficult to break; it has very little 

 meat. In the Homo (Pen ts'ao, usually referring to the Pen ts'ao kan 

 mu) it is called til tft $ (yama-gurumi, Ian hu t'ao). It is customary 

 to open the shell by first baking it a little while in a bed of charcoal, 

 and suddenly plunging it in water to cool off; then it is taken out of the 

 fire, the shell is struck at the joint so that it is crushed, and the meat can 

 be easily removed. The second variety is called hime-gurumi tf& ? 

 J* ^ ('demoiselle walnut'), and has a thin shell which is somewhat 

 flat in form; it is very easily broken when struck with an iron hammer 

 at the joint. It has plenty of meat, is rich in oil, and has a better taste 

 than the one mentioned before. The names 'devil' and 'demoiselle* 

 are derived from the appearance of the nuts, the one being rough and 

 ugly, while the other is beautiful. 



"The third variety, which is believed to have come from Korea, 

 has a thin shell, easily cracked, with very little meat, but of the best 

 quality. Mon Sen JnL BSfc (author of the Si liao pen ts'ao Jt Jj ^ ^, 

 second half of the seventh century) says, 'The walnut, when eaten, 

 increases the appetite, stimulates the blood-circulation, and makes one 

 appear glossy and elegant. It may be considered as a good medicine of 

 high merit.' For further details refer to the prescriptions of the Pen 

 ts'ao. 



"Translation of the notice on walnut from the Honzo komoku keimd 

 (Ch. 25, pp. 26-27) by Ono Ranzan; revised edition by Igu& BOsi 

 of 1847 (first edition 1804). 



"koto, kurimi (walnut, Juglans regia L., var. sinensis Cas., ex MATSU- 

 MURA, Shokubutsu Mei-i, ed. 1915, Vol. I, p. 189). 



"Japanese names: to-kurimi ('Chinese walnut'); cosen-kurimi 

 (' Korean walnut ') . 



"Chinese synonymes: kaku-kwa (Jibutsu imei); tins 5 kyoho (ibid.); 

 inpei cinkwa (ibid.); kokaku (Jibutsu konsu); kens' a (ibid.); to$u$i 

 (Kunmo jikwai). 



"Names for kernels: kama (Roy a taisui-hen). 



"Other names for Ian hu t'ao: sankakuto (Hokuto-roku); banzai-Zi 

 (Jonan Ho si); su (Kummo jikwai). 



"The real walnut originated in Korea, and is not commonly planted 

 in Japan. 



"The leaves are larger than those of onigurumi (giant walnut, 

 Juglans sieboldiana Maxim., ex Matsumura, I.e.). The shells are also 

 larger, measuring more than i sun (1.193 inches) in length, and having 

 more striations on the surface. The kernels are also larger, and have 

 more folds. 



"The variety commonly planted in our country is onigurumi, the 



