344 SlNO-lRANICA 



of Persia, furnishes manna only in certain districts. Wherever it fails 

 to yield this product, it serves as pasture to the camels (hence its name 

 "thorn of camels"), and, according to the express assurance of SCHLIM- 

 MER, 1 also to the sheep and goats. "Les indigenes des contrees de la 

 Perse, ou se fait la re"colte de teren-djebin, me disent que les pasteurs 

 sont obliges par les institutions communales de s'eloigner avec leurs 

 troupeaux des plaines ou la plante mannifere abonde, parce que les 

 moutons et chevres ne manqueraient de faire avorter la re"colte." In 

 regard to a related species (Hedysarum semenowi), S. KoRsSiNSKi 2 

 states that it is particularly relished by the sheep which fatten on it. 



The Lian se kun tse ki & R9 & ? IS 3 is cited in the Pen ts'ao kan mu 

 as follows: "In Kao-'an there is manna (ts'e mi ffl 3C). Mr. Kie fa 

 & says, In the town Nan-p'in Si Z P 4 ftfc the plant yan ts'e is devoid of 

 leaves, its honey is white in color and sweet of taste. The leaves of the 

 plant yan ts'e in Salt City (Yen c'eii 9L ftJt) are large, its honey is dark 

 W in color, and its taste is indifferent. Kao-c"'an is the same as Kiao-ho, 

 and is situated in the land of the Western Barbarians (Si Fan S 16) ; 5 

 at present it forms a large department (ta &?w :*C #!)." 



Wan Yen-te, who was sent on a mission to Turfan in A.D. 981, 

 mentions the plant and its sweet manna in his narrative. 6 



Cou K'u-fei, who wrote the Lin wai tai ta in 1178, describes the 

 "genuine manna (sweet dew)" M ~fr % of Mosul (to Sr ftE Wu-se-li) 

 as follows: 7 "This country has a number of famous mountains. When 

 the autumn-dew falls, it hardens under the influence of the sun-rays 

 into a substance of the appearance of sugar and hoar-frost, which is 

 gathered and consumed. It has purifying, cooling, sweet, and nutritious 

 qualities, and is known as genuine manna." 8 



Wan Ta-yuan i i< *H, in his Tao i li lio H ^ ;6 %> of I349, 9 has 



1 Terminologie, p. 357. 



2 Vegetation of Turkistan (in Russian), p. 77. 



3 The work of Can Yue (A.D. 667-730) ; see The Diamond, this volume, p. 6. 



4 Other texts write ^ hu. 



5 This term, which in general denotes Tibet, but certainly cannot refer to Tibet 

 in this connection, has evidently misled STUART (Chinese Materia Medica, p. 258) 

 into saying that the substance is spoken of as coming from Tangut. 



9 Cf. W. SCHOTT, Zur Uigurenfrage II, p. 47 (Abh. Berl. Akad., 1875). 



7 Ch. 3, p. 3 b (ed. of Ci pu tsu lai ts'un $u). Regarding the term kan lu, which 

 also translates Sanskrit amrita, see CHAVANNES and PELLIOT, Traite" maniche'en, 

 p. 155- 



8 The same text with a few insignificant changes has been copied by Cao Zu-kwa 

 (HiRTH's translation, p. 140). 



9 Regarding this work, cf. PELLIOT, Bull, de VEcole fransaise, Vol. IV, p. 255. 



