382 SlNO-lRANICA 



"Man-tsin occurs [in India] in sufficient quantity and in two varieties, 

 one with white, the other with black seeds. In Chinese translation it is 

 called mustard (kie-tse 3F ?) . As in all countries, oil is pressed from it 

 for culinary purposes. When eating it as a vegetable, I found it not 

 very different from the man-tsin of China; but as regards the root, which 

 is rather tough, it is not identical with our man-tsin. The seeds are 

 coarse, and again bear no relation to mustard-seeds. They are like those 

 of Hovenia dulcis (fi-ku ^ Wi) , transformed in their shape in conse- 

 quence of the soil." 1 



1 This sentence is entirely misunderstood by J. TAKAKUSU in his translation of 

 Yi Tsin's work (p. 44), where we read, "The change in the growth of this plant is 

 considered to be something like the change of an orange-tree into a bramble when 

 brought north of the Yangtse River." The text has: ^ ? ^H ^ i& }g ^. 

 There is nothing here about an orange or a bramble or the Yangtse. The character 

 ^ is erroneously used for $|, as is still the case in southern China (see STUART, 

 Chinese Materia Medica, p. 209), and ^ $|> is a well-known botanical name for a 

 rhamnaceous tree (not an orange), Hovenia dulcis. "Change of an orange-tree into 

 a bramble" is nonsense in itself. 



