THE SPINACH 



36. In regard to the spinach (Spinacia oleracea), BRETSCHNEiDER 1 

 stated that "it is said to come from Persia. The botanists consider 

 western Asia as the native country of spinach, and derive the names 

 Spinacia, spinage, spinat, epinards, from the spinous seeds; but as the 

 Persian name is esfinadsh, our various names would seem more likely 

 to be of Persian origin." The problem is not quite so simple, however. 

 It is not stated straightforwardly in any Chinese source that the spinach 

 comes from Persia; and the name "Persian vegetable" (Po-se ts'ai) is 

 of recent origin, being first traceable in the Pen ts*ao kan mu, where 

 Li Si-Sen himself ascribes it to a certain Fan Si-yin ~i) it BL 



Strangely enough, we get also in this case a taste of the Can-K'ien 

 myth. At least, H. L. JoLY 2 asserts, "The Chinese and Japanese Reposi- 

 tory says that Chang K'ien brought to China the spinach." The only 

 Chinese work in which I am able to find this tradition is the T'un li 

 38 ;S, 3 written by Ceri Tsiao JIB ffi of the Sung dynasty, who states in 

 cold blood that Can K'ien brought spinach over. Not even the Pen 

 ts'ao kan mu dares repeat this fantasy. It is plainly devoid of any 

 value, in view of the fact that spinach was unknown in the west as 

 far back as the second century B.C. Indeed, it was unfamiliar to the 

 Semites and to the ancients. It is a cultivation that comes to light 

 only in mediaeval times. 



In perfect agreement with this state of affairs, spinach is not men- 

 tioned in China earlier than the T'ang period. As regards the literature 

 on agriculture, the vegetable makes its first appearance in the Cun su 

 $u fi & fir, written toward the end of the eighth century. ; Here it is 

 stated that the spinach, po-lin $ H (*pwa-lin), came from the country 

 Po-liii $k f|@ (*Pwa-lin, Palinga). 



The first Pen ts'ao that speaks of the spinach is the Cen lei pen ts'ao 

 written by T'an Sen-wei in A.D. no8. 5 This Materia Medica describes 

 altogether 1746 articles, compared with 1118 which are treated in the 

 Kia yu pu u pen ts'ao (published in the period Kia-yu, A.D. 105664), 

 so that 628 new ones were added. These are expressly so designated in 



1 Chinese Recorder, 1871, p. 223. 



2 Legend in Japanese Art, p. 35. 



3 Ch. 75, p. 32 b. 



4 BRETSCHNEIDER, Bot. Sin., pt. i, p. 79. 

 6 Ch. 29, p. 14 b (print of 1587). 



392 



