454 SlNO-lRANlCA 



name SaSqdqul, which, according to ACHUNDOW, is Eryngium campestre. 

 It is therefore very probable that it was the Arabs who introduced the 

 carrot into Persia during the tenth century. Besides gazar (gezer), 

 Persian names are zardak 1 and Sawandar; the latter means " beet-root'* 

 and " carrot." 



JOHN FRYER, who travelled in India and Persia from 1672 to 1681, 

 enumerates carrots among the roots of Persia. 2 The late arrival of the 

 vegetable in Persia is signally confirmed by the Chinese tradition 

 regarding its introduction under the Mongols. This is the logical 

 sequence of events. 3 



ScHUMMER 4 has the following note on the subject: "Ce legume, 

 forme* en comp6te, est conside're' par les Persans comme un excellent 

 aphrodisiaque, augmentant la quantit et ameliorant la qualite* du 

 sperme. L'alimentation journaliere avec des carottes est fortement 

 pr6ne*e dans les hydropisies; les carottes cuites, conserves au vin aigre, 

 dissiperaient 1'engorgement de la rate." Only the yellow variety of 

 carrot, with short, spindle-shaped roots, occurs in Fergana. 5 



1 Possibly derived from zard ("yellow"). Persian murdmun is said to denote 

 a kind of wild carrot. In Osmanli the carrot is called hawuj. 



8 New Account of East India and Persia, Vol. II, p. 310 (Hakluyt Soc., 1912). 



1 Regarding the Tibetan names of the carrot, see my notes in Toung Pao, 1916, 

 pp. 503-505. 



4 Terminologie, p. 176. 



6 S. KORZINSKI, Vegetation of Turkistan (in Russian), p. 51. 



