AROMATICS STORAX 457 



of this product." 1 Nothing is known, however, in Chinese records about 

 this alleged country Su-ho (*Su-gab); hence it is probable that this 

 explanation is fictitious, and merely inspired by the desire to account in 

 a seemingly plausible way for the mysterious foreign word. 



In the Annals of the Liang Dynasty, 2 storax is enumerated among 

 the products of western India which are imported from Ta Ts'in and 

 An-si (Parthia). It is explained as "the blending of various aromatic 

 substances obtained by boiling their saps; it is not a product of nature." 3 

 Then follows the same passage relating to the manufacture in Ta Ts'in 

 as in the Kwan ci; and the Lian $u winds up by saying that the product 

 passes through the hands of many middlemen before reaching China, 

 and loses much of its fragrancy during this process. 4 It is likewise on 

 record in the same Annals that in A.D. 519 King Jayavarman of Fu-nan 

 (Camboja) sent among other gifts storax to the Chinese Court. 5 



Finally, su-ho is enumerated among the products of Sasanian Persia. 6 

 Judging from the commercial relations of Iran with the Hellenistic 

 Orient and from the nature of the product involved, we shall not 

 err in assuming that it was traded to Persia in the same manner 

 as to India. 



The Chinese-Sanskrit dictionaries contain two identifications of 

 the name su-ho. In the third chapter of the Yii k'ie $i ti lun %& ft W 

 $L P (Yogacaryabhumigastra) , 7 translated in A.D. 646-647 by Huan 

 Tsan, we find the name of an aromatic in the form 2 * @ ?5E su-tu- 

 lu-kia, *sut-tu-lu-kyie; that is, Sanskrit *sturuka = storax. 8 It is 

 identified by Yuan Yin with what was formerly styled 5E 18 1 tou-lou- 

 P'OJ *du-lyu-bwa. 9 It is evident that the transcription su-tu-lu-kia is 

 based on a form corresponding to Greek styrak-s, storak-s, styrdkion 

 of the Papyri (Syriac stiraca, astorac). This equation presents the 



1 Fan yi min yi tsi, Ch. 8, p. 9; T'ai p'in yu Ian, Ch. 982, p. I b. 



2 Lian $u, Ch. 54, p. 7 b. 



3 The Fan yi min yi tsi, which reproduces this passage, has, "It is not a single 

 (or homogeneous) substance." 



4 Cf. HIRTH, China and the Roman Orient, p. 47. 



5 Cf. PELLIOT, Bull, de I'Ecolefrangaise, Vol. Ill, p. 270. 



6 Sui su, Ch. 83, p. 7 b; or ou su, Ch. 50, p. 6. It does not follow from these 

 texts, that, as assumed by HIRTH (Chao Ju-kua, pp. 16, 262), su-ho or any other 

 product of Persia was imported thence to China. The texts are merely descriptive 

 in saying that these are products to be found in Persia. 



7 BUNYIU NANJIO, Catalogue of the Chinese Tripitaka, No. 1170. 



8 Yi ts'ie kin yin i, Ch. 22, p. 3 b (cf. PELLIOT, T'oung Pao, 1912, pp. 478-479). 

 This text has been traced by me independently. I do not believe that this name is 

 connected with turu$ka. 



9 Probably Sanskrit durva (cf. Journal asiatique, 1918, II, pp. 21-22). 



