554 SlNO-lRANICA 



sio, in the posthumous introduction to his edition of Marco Polo pub- 

 lished in 1545, mentions having learned of the tea beverage from a 

 Persian merchant, Hajji Muhammed. 1 A. DE MANDELSLO, 2 in 1662, 

 still reports that the Persians, instead of The, drink their Kahwa (coffee). 

 In the fifteenth century, A-lo-tin, an envoy from T'ien-fan (Arabia), 

 in presenting his tribute to an emperor of the Ming, solicited tea- 

 leaves. 3 



The Kew Bulletin for 1896 (p. 157) contains the following inter- 

 esting information on " White Tea of Persia:" 



"In the Consular Report on the trade of Ispahan and Yezd (Foreign Office, 

 Annual Series, 1896, No. 1662) the following particulars are given of the tea trade 

 in Persia: 'Black or Calcutta tea for Persian consumption continues to arrive in 

 steady quantities, 2,000,000 pounds representing last year's supply. White tea from 

 China, or more particularly from Tongking, is consumed only in Yezd, and, there- 

 fore, the supply is limited.' Through the courtesy of Mr. John R. Preece, Her 

 Majesty's Consul at Ispahan, Kew received a small quantity of the 'White tea* 

 above mentioned for the Museum of Economic Botany. The tea proved to be very 

 similar to that described in the Kew Bulletin under the name of P'u-erh tea (Kew 

 Bulletin, 1889, pp. 118 and 139). The finest of this tea is said to be reserved for the 

 Court of Peking. The sample from Yezd was composed of the undeveloped leaf 

 buds so thickly coated with fine hairs as to give them a silvery appearance. Owing 

 to the shaking in transit some of the hairs had been rubbed off and had formed small 

 yellow pellets about ^ inch diameter. Although the hairs are much more 

 abundant than usual there is little doubt that the leaves have been derived from 

 the Assam tea plant (Camellia theifera, Griff.) found wild in some parts of Assam 

 and Burma but now largely cultivated in Burma, Tongking, etc. The same species 

 has been shown to yield Lao tea (Kew Bulletin, 1892, p. 219), and Leppett tea (Kew 

 Bulletin, 1896, p. 10). The liquor from the Persian white tea was of a pale straw 

 colour with the delicate flavour of good China tea. It is not unknown but now little 

 appreciated in the English market." 



1 8. The Arabic stone-book sailing under the false flag of Aristotle 

 distinguishes several kinds of onyx (jiza'), which come from two places, 

 China and the country of the west, the latter being the finest. Qazwin! 

 gives Yemen and China as localities, telling an anecdote that the 

 Chinese disdain to quarry the stone and leave this to specially privileged 

 slaves, who have no other means of livelihood and sell the stone only 

 outside of China. 4 As formerly stated, 5 this may be the pi yti H 3i of 

 the Chinese. 



19. Qazwlni also mentions a stone under the name husyat ibtis 

 ("devil's testicles") which should occur in China. Whoever carries it is 



1 YULE, Cathay, new ed., Vol. I, p. 292; or Hobson-Jobson, p. 906. 



2 Travels, p. 15. 



3 BRETSCHNEIDER, Mediaeval Researches, Vol. II, p. 300. 



4 J. RUSKA, Steinbuch des Aristoteles, p. 145; and Steinbuch des Qazwlni, 

 p. 12; LECLERC, Traite" des simples, Vol. I, p. 354. 



6 Notes on Turquois, p. 52. 



