INDIAN ELEMENTS IN PERSIAN PHARMACOLOGY 585 



44(459). quldni, a kind of barley brought from India. JOLLY (p. 196) , 

 without giving an Indian name, regards this as Glycine labialis (ROX- 

 BURGH, Flora Indica, p. 565) ; Watt does not give this species for India. 

 Cf. No. 572, where it is described under the name hdl. 



45(480). kundur, incense (Boswellia thuriferd). Skr. kunduru, 

 kundura, kundu, kunduruka. Achundow does not mention a Persian 

 form kunduru, as asserted by HUBSCHMANN (Armen. Gram., p. 172). 

 Pahlavi *kunduruk and Armenian kndruk are directly traceable to Skr. 

 kunduruka. 



46(483). kafur (Arabic and Persian), camphor (Laurus camphor a). 

 The same word appears already in Middle Persian. Skr. karpura. 



47(512). Idk, rangldk, lac (Gummi laccae). Cf. above, p. 476. 



48(517). md$, mungo bean (Phaseolus mungo). Skr. md$a (Phaseolus 

 radiatus). This Indian word is widely diffused over Asia: Tibetan 

 ma-$a, Mongol ma$a, Turk! ma's ("a small kind of bean")j Taran& 

 mas ("bean"), Sart mat ("lentil"), Osmanli maS. 



49(525). musktirdmu&r , musktirdmsl, Origanum dictamnus. "The 

 best is that of India." The name is said to come from the Syriac (p. 267), 

 AINSLEE (Materia Indica, Vol. I, p. 112) calls it dittany of Crete, and 

 says that he has never seen it in India. Indeed it does not occur there, 

 hence the Indian variety of Abu Mansur must be 0. marjorana, the 

 sweet marjoran, Skr. phanijjhaka, Arabic mardakus or mizunjus. 



50(550). nargll (Arabic ndrjil), coco-nut (Cocos nucifera). Avicenna: 

 juz hindl ("Indian nut"). Skr. ndrikela, ndrikera, etc. 



51(552). nllufar, P. nilupar, Nymph&a alba, N. lotus, etc. Skr. 

 mlotpala (Nymph&a lotus)', also kumuda, kamala, etc. Cf. LOEW, I.e., 



P- 3i3. 



52(557). ml, Ilia, indigo (Indigofera tinctoria). Skr. nlla (above, 



P- 37o). 



53(572). hdl, P. hll-i xurde, lesser cardamom (Cardamomum minus or 

 malabaricum, or Elettaria cardamomum). Skr. eld. 



54(583). yabruh, mandrake (Atropa mandragora). "Two kinds are 

 distinguished, an Indian, called yabruh ul-sanam, and a Nabathsean." 

 As the genus Atropa does not occur in India, with the exception of 

 A. belladonna, which, however, is restricted to the territory stretching 

 from Simla to Kashmir, it is obvious that a species of Datura is to be 

 understood by the Indian mandrake of Abu Mansur. This case is 

 interesting, in that it shows again the identical employment of the 

 mandrake and the datura (cf. LAUFER, La Mandragore, T'oung Pao, 

 1917, pp. 1-30). 



