602 SPECIAL HISTOLOGY. 



much as 0-05-0-072 of a line long, and finally, by bursting, empty 

 themselves of the colloid substance, whence the latter is found free in 

 the uriniferous ducts, and also in the urine. A development of the 

 epithelial cells into other cysts, as is stated to take place by J. Simon, 

 and also by Gildemeester (Tijdschr. d. Nederl. Maatsch. 1850) has not 

 yet occurred to my observation, whilst I have noticed, as did Johnson, 

 very distinctly, in an atrophied kidney, a partition of the convoluted 

 tubules into closed cysts, to all appearance by a connective tissue 

 developed between and constricting them. These cysts had the same 

 structure as the tubules, and were either of the same diameter, or dis- 

 tended into vesicles, 0-1 of a line in width. The Malpighian bodies 

 also may expand into cysts, in which, together with a clear fluid, the 

 atrophied glomerulus is often visible on the wall. As abnormal con- 

 tents, the tubuli uriniferi present : 1, blood, most frequently in the 

 commencement of the convoluted tubules, especially the superficial, 

 often in such quantity as to produce bloody points as big as a pin's 

 head, and visible to the naked eye, which were formerly erroneously 

 regarded as distended Malpighian bodies ; 2, fibrine, in cylindrical 

 masses, corresponding to the cavity of the tubules ; 3, the above- 

 mentioned colloid-like substance; 4, concretions in the ducts of Bellini, 

 consisting, in the adult, chiefly of carbonate and phosphate of lime 

 (" Kalkinfarct") ; in new-born infants, of uric acid-salts (" Harmtiu- 

 reinfarct" Virchow), which giye the pyramids a brilliant gold-yellow 

 color, and, if not exclusively, still usually occur only in children who 

 have already respired (between the third and twentieth day after birth). 

 In the later stages of " Bright's disease," many tubuli, which have lost 

 their epithelium in consequence of the exudations poured out in them, 

 become atrophied, and ultimately disappear altogether, whilst groups of 

 others are seen, filled with a fatty, broken-up exudation, and dilated 

 into minute nodosities (granulations, Christison). 



189. Vessels and Nerves. The large renal artery divides, in the 

 pelvis of the kidney, into a certain number of branches, which, after sup- 

 plying the parts lying in the Jiilus, enter, above and below the renal 

 veins, the cortical substance interposed between the pyramids (the 

 columnce Bertini}. From this point they are continued, repeatedly 

 dividing, close upon the boundary of the two renal substances, so that 

 around each pyramid a delicate ramification, but without any anasto- 

 moses, usually afforded only by two large arteries, is formed. From 

 this ramification, on the side looking towards the cortical substance, 

 there arise, with great regularity, and for the most part at right angles, 

 smaller arteries, which after a few or more repeated divisions give off 

 fine twigs, 0-06-0-1 of a line in diameter, which run outwardly in a 

 straight course between the cortical fasciculi or lobules, and are most 



