THE URINARY ORGANS. 605 



manner (stellular VerJicynii) into somewhat larger roots, or, extending 

 over several or numerous lobules, collect into larger trunks. These two 

 sets of veins, forming the vence tnterlobularet, then penetrate more 

 deeply in company with the arteries of the same name, between the 

 cortical fasciculi, where they are enlarged by the accession of nume- 

 rous other venous radicles from the interior of the cortical substance, 

 and proceed to join the larger veins, either directly or united into some- 

 what larger trunks, and for the most part at right angles. These lie, 

 together with the larger arteries, around the periphery of the pyramids, 

 ultimately opening into large veins without valves, as are all the renal 

 veins, and which lying singly close to the arteries, quit the kidney in 

 the same way. Previously to this, however, besides those of the columnce 

 Bertini, they receive the veins of the pyramids, which commence in a 

 beautiful plexus surrounding the orifices of the tubuli uriniferi on the 

 papilla?, and ascend between the tubuli recti, being strengthened by ad- 

 ditional radicles ; these united with the arteries of the pyramids, the 

 vasa efferentia of the innermost glomeruli or the arteriolce rector, into 

 larger vascular bundles, lying between the "pyramids of Ferrein," 

 open into the arched, wider, venous ramification which encompasses the 

 pyramids. 



The vessels of the membranes of the kidney, arise in part from the 

 art. renalis, before it enters the hilus, and from the suprarenal and 

 lumbar arteries, in part, also, they are branches of the arterial inter- 

 lobulares, which, after supplying the Malpighian bodies, send on fine 

 twigs to the fibrous coat, forming in it a wide-meshed capillary plexus, 

 which is also continuous with that of the capsula adiposa. 



The kidneys present, proportionally, but few lymphatics. They run, 

 in the interior, along the larger vessels, and do not appear to extend 

 further than the vasa interlobularia. In the hilus, they unite into a 

 few small trunks, which also receive lymphatic vessels from the pelvis 

 of the kidney and then open into the lumbar glands. Superficial 

 lymphatics, which have been described by the older anatomists (Nuck, 

 Cruikshank, Mascagni, &c.), I have as yet not seen, except in the cap- 

 sula adiposa, but I am unwilling positively to deny their existence. 



The renal nerves, from the cseliac plexus of the sympathetic are tole- 

 rably numerous, form a plexus around the arteries, continue to present 

 a few ganglia in the hilus, and may be traced, in company with the 

 vessels, as far as the interlobular arteries. Where and how they ter- 

 minate is unknown.* 



* [With respect to the termination of the nerves in the kidney, Mr. Toynbee (I.e., p. 805) 

 makes the remarkable and very important observation, that "the filaments end by becoming 

 continuous with the parenchyma of the organ, precisely in the same way,'' he goes on to 

 say, " as he has observed those in the tail of a Tadpole to become directly continuous with 

 the radiating fibres of stellated corpuscles, and the filaments from the corpuscles to commu- 

 nicate with each other.'* TRS.] 



