

PINACE.E 3 



SOFT PINES. 



Wood soft, close-grained, light-colored, the sapwood thin and nearly white; sheaths of 

 the leaf- clusters deciduous; leaves with one fibro- vascular bundle. 

 Leaves in 5- leaved clusters. 



Cones long-stalked, elongated, cylindric bright green at maturity, becoming light 

 yellow brown, their scales thin, with terminal unarmed umbos; seeds shorter than 

 their wings. WHITE PINES. 

 Leaves without conspicuous white lines on the back. 



Leaves slender, flexible; cones 4'-8' long. 1. P. Strobus (A). 



Leaves stout, more rigid; cones 5'-ll' long. 2. P. monticola (B, G). 



Leaves with conspicuous white lines on the back; cones 12'-18' long. 



3. P. Lambertiana (G). 

 Cones short-stalked, green or purple at maturity, their scales thick. 



Cones cylindric or subglobose, their scales with terminal umbos; leaves 2' long or less. 

 STONE PINES. 

 Cones 3'-10' long, their scales opening at maturity; seeds with wings. 



4. P. flexilis (F, H). 

 Cones '-3' long, their scales remaining closed at maturity; seeds wingless. 



5. P. albicaulis (B, F, G). 



Cones ovoid-oblong, their scales with dorsal umbos armed with slender prickles; 

 seeds shorter than their wings; leaves in crowded clusters, incurved, less than 

 2' long. FOXTAIL PINES. 



Cones armed with minute incurved prickles. 6. P. Balfouriana (G). 



Cones armed with long slender prickles. 7. P. aristata (F, G). 



Leaves in 1-4-leaved clusters; cones globose, green at maturity, becoming light brown, 



their scales few, concave, much thickened, only the middle scales seed-bearing; 



seeds large and edible, their wings rudimentary; leaves 2' or less, often incurved. 



NUT PINES. 8. P. cembroides (C, F, G, H). 



1. Pinus Strobus L. White Pine. 



Leaves soft bluish green, whitened on the ventral side by 3-5 bands of stomata, 3 '-5' 

 long, mostly turning yellow and falling in September in their second season, or persistent 

 until the following June. Flowers: male yellow; female bright pink, with purple scale 

 margins. Fruit fully grown in July of the second season, 4 / -8 / long, opening and dis- 

 charging its seeds in September; seeds narrowed at the ends, \' long, red-brown mottled 

 with black, about one fourth as long as their wings. 



A tree, while young with slender horizontal or slightly ascending branches in regular 

 whorls usually of 5 branches; at maturity often 100, occasionally 220 high, with a tall 

 straight stem 3-4 or rarely 6 q in diameter, when crowded in the forest with short branches 

 forming a narrow head, or rising above its forest companions with long lateral branches 

 sweeping upward in graceful curves, the upper branches ascending and forming a broad 

 open irregular head, and slender branchlets coated at first with rusty tomentum, soon 

 glabrous, and orange-brown in their first winter. Bark on young stems and branches 

 thin, smooth, green tinged with red, lustrous during the summer, becoming l'-2' thick 

 on old trunks and deeply divided by shallow fissures into broad connected ridges covered 

 with small closely appressed purplish scales. Wood light, not strong, straight-grained, 

 easily worked, light brown often slightly tinged with red; largely manufactured into 

 lumber, shingles, and laths, used in construction, for cabinet-making, the interior finish 

 of buildings, woodenware, matches, and the masts of vessels. 



Distribution. Newfoundland to Manitoba, southward through the northern states to 

 Pennsylvania, northern and eastern (Belmont County) Ohio, northern Indiana, valley of 

 the Rocky River near Oregon, Ogle County, Illinois, and central and southeastern Iowa, 

 and along the Appalachian Mountains to eastern Kentucky and Tennessee and northern 



