PINACE.E 



zontal, sessile, dark purple, l^'-S' long, with scales thickened, acute, often armed with stout 

 pointed umbos, remaining closed at maturity; seeds wingless, acute, subcylindric or flat- 

 tened on one side, \'-\' long, |' thick, with a thick dark chestnut-brown hard shell. 



A tree, usually 20-30 or rarely 60 high, generally with a short trunk 2-4 in diameter, 

 stout very flexible branches, finally often standing nearly erect and forming an open very 

 irregular broad head, and 

 stout dark red-brown or 

 orange-colored branchlets 

 puberulous for two years 

 or sometimes glabrous; at 

 high elevations often a low 

 shrub, with wide-spread- 

 ing nearly prostrate stems. 

 Bark thin, except near the 

 base of old trunks and 

 broken by narrow fissures 

 into thin narrow brown or 

 creamy white plate-like 

 scales. Wood light, soft, 

 close-grained, brittle, light 

 brown. The large sweet 

 seeds are gathered and Fig. 5 



eaten by Indians. 



Distribution. Alpine slopes and exposed ridges between 5000 and 12,000 elevation, 

 forming the timber-line on many mountain ranges from latitude 53 north in the Rocky 

 Mountains and British Columbia, southward to the Wind River and Salt River Ranges, 

 Wyoming, the mountains of eastern Washington and Oregon, the Cascade Range, the 

 mountains of northern California and the Sierra Nevada to Mt. W'hitney. 



6. Pinus Balfouriana Balf . Foxtail Pine. 



Leaves stout, rigid, dark green and lustrous on the back, pale and marked on the ventral 



faces by numerous rows of sto- 

 mata, l'-l|' long, persistent for 

 ten or twelve years. Flowers : male 

 dark orange-red; female dark 

 purple. Fruit 3|'-5' long, with 

 scales armed with minute incurved 

 prickles, dark purple, turning after 

 opening dark red or mahogany 

 color; seeds full and rounded at 

 the apex, compressed at the base, 

 pale, conspicuously mottled with 

 dark purple, \ f long, their wings 

 narrowed and oblique at the apex, 

 about 1' long and J' wide. 



A tree, usually 30-40 or rarely 

 90 high, with a trunk generally 



Fig. 6 l-2 or rarely 5 in diameter, 



short stout branches forming an 



open irregular pyramidal picturesque head, and long rigid more or less spreading puber- 

 ulous, soon glabrous, dark orange-brown ultimately dark gray-brown or nearly black 

 branchlets, clothed only at the extremities with the long dense brush-like masses of foliage. 

 Bark thin, smooth, and milky white on the stems and branches of young trees, becoming 

 on old trees sometimes 



