Xll SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES 



IX. Betulaceae (p. 200). Flowers monoecious; fruit a nut at the base of an open leaf-like 

 involucre (Carpinus), in a sack-like involucre (Ostrya), in the axil of a scale of an ament 

 (Betula), or of a woody strobile (Alnus); leaves alternate, simple, with stipules, deciduous. 



X. Fagaceae (p. 227). Flowers monoecious; fruit a nut more br less inclosed in a woody 

 often spiny involucre; leaves alternate, simple, with stipules, deciduous (in some species of 

 Quercus and in Castanopsis and Lithocarpus persistent) . 



Section 2. Flowers unisexual (perfect in Ulmus) ; calyx regular, the stamens as 

 many as its lobes and opposite them; ovary superior, 1 -celled; seed 1. 



XI. Ulmaceae (p. 308). Fruit a compressed winged samara (Ulmus), a drupe (Celtis and 

 Trema), or nut-like (Planera), leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous (persistent in 

 Trema). 



XII. Moraceae (p. 328). . Flowers in ament-like spikes or heads; fruit drupaceous, inclosecT 

 in the thickened calyx and united into a compound fruit, oblong and succulent (Morus), large, 

 dry and globose (Toxylon), or immersed in the fleshy receptacle of the flower (Ficus) ; leaves 

 simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous (persistent in Ficus). 



Section 3. Flowers usually perfect; ovary superior or partly inferior, l-4celled> 

 leaves simple, persistent in the North American species. 



XIII. Olacacese (p. 336). Calyx and corolla 4-6-lobed; ovary 1-4-celled; fruit a drupe 

 more or less inclosed in the enlarged disk of the flower; leaves alternate or fascicled, without 

 stipules. 



XIV. Polygonaceae (p. 338). Calyx 5-lobed; ovary 1-celled; fruit a nutlet inclosed in the 

 thickened calyx; leaves alternate, their stipules sheathing the stems. 



XV. Nyctaginaceae (p. 340). Calyx 5-lobed; ovary 1-celled; fruit a nutlet inclosed in the 

 thickened calyx; leaves alternate or opposite, without stipules. 



SUBDIVISION 2. PETALAT^. Flowers with both calyx and corolla (without a corolla 

 in LauracecBj in Liquidainbar in Hamamelidacece, in Cercocarpus in Rosacece, in Euphor- 

 biacece, in some species of Acer, in Reynosia, Condalia, and Krugiodendron in Rham- 

 nacece, in Fremontia in Sterculiacece, in Chytraculia in Myrtacece, in Conocarpus in 

 Combretacece and in some species of Fraxinus in Oleacece). 

 Section 1. POLYPETAL^E. Corolla of separate petals. 



A. Ovary superior (partly inferior in Hamamelidacece; inferior in Mains, Sorbus, 

 Heteromeles, Cratcsgus, and Amelanchier in Rosaceoe}. 



XVI. Magnoliaceae (p. 342). Flowers perfect; sepals and petals in 3 or 4 rows of 3 each; 

 fruit cone-like, composed of numerous cohering carpels; leaves simple, alternate, their stipules 

 inclosing the leaf-buds, deciduous or rarely persistent. 



XVII. Anonacese (p. 353) . Flowers perfect ; sepals 3 ; petals 6 in 2 series ; fruit a pulpy berry 

 developed from 1 or from the union of several carpels; leaves simple, alternate, without stip- 

 ules, deciduous or persistent. 



XVIII. Lauraceae (p. 356). Flowers perfect or unisexual; corolla 0; fruit a 1-seeded drupe 

 or berry; leaves simple, alternate, punctate, without stipules, persistent (deciduous in Sassa- 

 fras). 



XIX. Capparidaceae (p. 365). Flowers perfect; sepals and petals 4; fruit baccate, elon- 

 gated, dehiscent; leaves alternate, simple, without stipules, persistent. 



XX. Hamamelidaceae (p. 366). Flowers perfect or unisexual; sepals and petals 5 (corolla 

 in Liquidambar) ; ovary partly inferior; fruit a 2-celled woody capsule opening at the summit ; 

 leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous. 



XXI. Platanaceae (p. 371). Flowers monoecious, in dense unisexual capitate heads; fruit 

 an akene; leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous. 



XXII. Rosaceae (p. 376). Flowers perfect; sepals and petals 5 (petals in Cercocarpus); 

 ovary inferior in Malus, Sorbus, Heteromeles, Crateegus, and Amelanchier; fruit a drupe 

 (Prunus and Chrysobalanus) , a capsule (Vauquelinia and Lyonothamnus) , an akene (Cowania 

 and Cercocarpus), or a pome (Malus, Sorbus, Heteromeles, Cratsegus, and Amelanchier) ; leaves 

 simple or pinnately compound, alternate (opposite in Lyonothamnus), with stipules, decidu- 

 ous or persistent. 



XXIII. Leguminosse (p. 585). Flowers perfect, regular or irregular; fruit a legume; leaves 

 compound, or simple (Dalea) , alternate, with stipules, deciduous or persistent. 



