22 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



trunk l|'-2' thick, dark brown or nearly black and deeply divided into broad rounded 

 connected ridges covered with thin closely appressed scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, 

 brittle, coarse-grained, light red, with thick nearly white sapwood; occasionally used for 

 fuel. The seeds were formerly gathered in large quantities and eaten by the Indians of 

 southern California. 



Distribution. Scattered singly or in small groves through coniferous forests on the dry 

 slopes and ridges of the coast ranges of California at elevations of 3000-6000 above the 

 sea, from Mount Diablo and the Santa Lucia Mountains to the San Bernardino and Cuya- 

 maca Mountains; and on the Sierra del Final, Lower California; most abundant on the 

 San Bernardino and San Jacinto ranges at elevations of about 5000. 



19. Pinus resinosa Ait. Red Pine. Norway Pine. 



Leaves slender, soft and flexible, dark green and lustrous, 5' -6' long, obscurely marked 

 on the ventral faces by bands of minute stomata, deciduous during their fourth and fifth 

 seasons. Flowers: male in dense spikes, dark purple; female terminal, short-stalked, 

 scarlet. Fruit ovoid-conic, subsessile, 2'-2|' long, with thin slightly concave scales, un- 



Fig. 25 



f 



armed, becoming light chestnut-brown and lustrous at maturity; shedding their seeds early 

 in the autumn and mostly persistent on the branches until the following summer; seeds 

 oval, compressed, f ' long, with a thin dark chestnut-brown more or less mottled shell and 

 wings broadest below the middle, oblique at apex, f long, ' |' broad. 



A tree, usually 70-80 or occasionally 120 high, with a tall straight trunk 2-3 or 

 rarely 5 in diameter, thick spreading more or less pendulous branches clothing the young 

 stems to the ground and forming a broad irregular pyramid, and in old age an open round- 

 topped picturesque head, and stout branchlets at first orange color, finally becoming light 

 reddish brown. Bark of the trunk f'-l \' thick and slightly divided by shallow fissures into 

 broad flat ridges covered by thin loose light red-brown scales. Wood light, hard, very 

 close-grained, pale red, with thin yellow often nearly white sapwood; largely used in the 

 construction of bridges and buildings, for piles, masts, and spars. The bark is occasion- 

 ally used for tanning leather. 



Distribution. Light sandy loam or dry rocky ridges, usually forming groves rarely 

 more than a few hundred acres in extent and scattered through forests of other Pines and 

 deciduous-leaved trees; occasionally on sandy flats forming pure forests; Nova Scotia to 

 Lake St. John, westward through Quebec and central Ontario to the valley of the Winni- 

 peg River, and southward to eastern Massachusetts, the mountains of northern Penn- 

 sylvania, and to central and southwestern (Port Huron) Michigan, Wisconsin, and Min- 

 nesota, most abundant, and growing to its largest size in the northern parts of these states; 

 rare and local in eastern Massachusetts and southward. 



