PINACE.E 



scales often irregularly developed, and armed with minute incurved often deciduous 

 prickles; seeds nearly triangular, full and rounded on the sides, T V long, with an almost 

 black roughened shell and wings broadest at the middle, full and rounded at apex, ' long, 

 \' wide. 



A tree, frequently 70 high, with a straight trunk sometimes free of branches for 20-30 

 and rarely exceeding 2 in diameter, long spreading branches forming an open symmetrical 

 head, and slender tough flexible pale yellow-green branchlets turning dark purple during 

 their first winter and darker the following year; often not more than 20-30 tall, with a 

 stem 10'-12' in diameter; generally fruiting when only a few years old; sometimes shrubby 

 with several low slender stems. Bark of the trunk thin, dark brown slightly tinged with 

 red, very irregularly divided into narrow rounded connected ridges separating on the sur- 

 face into small thick closely appressed scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, 

 clear pale brown or rarely orange color, with thick nearly white sapwood; used for fuel 

 and occasionally for railway-ties and posts; occasionally manufactured into lumber. 



Distribution. From Nova Scotia to the valley of the Athabasca River and down the 

 Mackenzie to about latitude 65 north, ranging southward to the coast of Maine, northern 

 New Hampshire and Vermont, the Island of Nantucket (Wauwinet, J. W. Harshburger}, 

 northern New York, the shores of Saginaw Bay, Michigan, the southern shores of Lake 

 Michigan in Illinois, the valley of the Wisconsin River, Wisconsin, and central and 

 southeastern Minnesota (with isolated groves in Root River valley, near Rushford, Fill- 

 more County); abundant in central Michigan, covering tracts of barren lands; common 

 and of large size in the region north of Lake Superior; most abundant and of its greatest 

 size west of Lake Winnipeg and north of the Saskatchewan, here often spreading over great 

 areas of sandy sterile soil. 



22. Pinus glabra Walt. Spruce Pine. Cedar Pine. 



Leaves soft, slender, dark green, l'-3' long, marked by numerous rows of stomata, 

 deciduous at the end of their second and in the spring of their third year. Flowers: male 

 in short crowded clusters, 

 yellow; female raised on 

 slender slightly ascending 

 peduncles. Fruit single or 

 in clusters of 2 or 3, reflexed 

 on short stout stalks, sub- 

 globose to oblong-ovoid, 

 '-2' long, becoming red- 

 dish brown and rather lus- 

 trous, with thin slightly 

 concave scales armed with 

 minute straight or incurved 

 usually deciduous prickles; 

 seeds nearly triangular, full 

 and rounded on the sides, 

 I' long, with a thin dark gray 

 shell mottled with black and 

 wings broadest below the 

 middle, f ' long, \' wide. 



A tree, usually 80-100 or occasionally 120 high, with a trunk 2-2| or rarely 3 in 

 diameter, comparatively small horizontal branches, and slender flexible branchlets at first 

 light red more or less tinged with purple, ultimately dark reddish brown. Bark of young 

 trees and upper trunks smooth pale gray becoming on old stems '-f ' thick, slightly and 

 irregularly divided by shallow fissures into flat connected ridges. Wood light, soft, not 

 strong, brittle, close-grained, light brown, with thick nearly white sapwood; occasionally 

 used for fuel and rarely manufactured into lumber. 



Fig. 29 



