26 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



Distribution. Valley of the lower Santee River, South Carolina to middle and north- 

 western Florida; banks of the Alabama River, Dallas County, Alabama; eastern and 

 southwestern Mississippi, and sandy banks of streams in northeastern Louisiana; usually 

 growing singly or in small groves; attaining its largest size and often occupying areas of 

 considerable extent in northwestern Florida. 



23. Pinus echinata Mill. Yellow Pine. Short-leaved Pine. 



Leaves in clusters of 2 and of 3, slender, flexible, dark blue-green, 3'-5' long, beginning 

 to fall at the end of their second season and dropping irregularly until their fifth year. 

 Flowers: male in short crowded clusters, pale purple; female in clusters of 2 or 3 on 

 stout ascending stems, pale rose color. Fruit ovoid to oblong-conic, subsessile and nearly 

 horizontal or short-stalked and pendant, generally clustered, 1|'-2|' long, becoming 

 dull brown, with thin scales nearly flat below and rounded at the apex, armed with short 

 straight or somewhat recurved frequently deciduous prickles; seeds nearly triangular, full 

 and rounded on the sides, about fV long, with a thin pale brown hard shell conspicuously 

 mottled with black, their wings broadest near the middle, \' long, f ' wide. 



Fig. 30 



A tree, usually 80-100 occasionally 120 high, with a tall slightly tapering trunk 3-4 

 in diameter, a short pyramidal truncate head of comparatively slender branches, and stout 

 brittle pale green or violet-colored branchlets covered at first with a glaucous bloom, be- 

 coming dark red-brown tinged with purple before the end of the first season, their bark be- 

 ginning in the third year to separate into large scales. Bark of the trunk f'-l' thick and 

 broken into large irregularly shaped plates covered with small closely appressed light 

 cinnamon-red scales. Wood very variable in quality, and in the thickness of the nearly 

 white sapwood, heavy, hard, strong and usually coarse-grained, orange-colored or yellow- 

 brown; largely manufactured into lumber. 



Distribution. Long Island (near Northport), and Staten Island, New York, and south- 

 ern Pennsylvania to northern Florida, and westward through the Gulf states to eastern 

 Texas, through Arkansas to southwestern Oklahoma (near Page, Leflore County, G. W. 

 Stevens) and to southern Missouri and southwestern Illinois and to eastern Tennessee and 

 western West Virginia ; most abundant and of its largest size west of the Mississippi River. 



24. Pinus virginiana Mill. Jersey Pine. Scrub Pine. 



Leaves in remote clusters, stout, gray-green, U'-3' long, marked by many rows of 

 minute stomata, gradually and irregularly deciduous during their third and fourth years. 

 Flowers : male in crowded clusters, orange-brown ; female on opposite spreading peduncles 

 near the middle of the shoots of the year, generally a little below and alternate with 1 or 2 



