30 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



soon growing darker and ultimately dark brown. Bark on the lower part of the trunk f '-!' 

 thick and broken into irregularly shaped plates separating on the surface into thin loose 

 dark brown scales tinged with red, higher on the stem, and on the branches dark brown 

 and broken into thin loose scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, very coarse- 

 grained, pale brown, with thick nearly white sapwood; somewhat used for fuel, and in 

 Pennsylvania manufactured into charcoal. 



Distribution. Dry gravelly slopes and ridges of the Appalachian Mountains from south- 

 ern Pennsylvania to North Carolina, eastern Tennessee and northern Georgia, sometimes 

 ascending to elevations of 3000, with isolated outlying stations in eastern Pennsylvania, 

 western New Jersey, Maryland, the District of Columbia and Virginia; often forming 

 toward the southern limits of its range pure forests of considerable extent. 



28. Pinus Torreyana Carr. Torrey Pine. 



Leaves forming great tufts at the ends of the branches, stout, dark green, conspicuously 

 marked on the 3 faces by numerous rows of stomata, 8'-13' long. Flowers from January 

 to March; male yellow, in short dense heads; female subterminal on long stout peduncles. 



Fig. 35 



Fruit broad-ovoid, spreading or reflexed on long stalks, 4'- 6' in length, becoming deep 

 chestnut-brown, with thick scales armed with minute spines; mostly deciduous in their 

 fourth year and in falling leaving a few of the barren scales on the stalk attached to the 

 branch; seeds oval, more or less angled, f'-l' long, dull brown and mottled on the lower 

 side, light yellow-brown on the upper side, with a thick hard shell, nearly surrounded by 

 their dark brown wings often nearly \' long. 



A tree, usually 30-40 high, with a short trunk about 1 in diameter, or occasionally 

 50-60 tall, with a long straight slightly tapering stem 2| in diameter, stout spreading and 

 often ascending branches, and very stout branchlets bright green in their first season, be- 

 coming light purple and covered with a metallic bloom the following year, ultimately nearly 

 black. Bark \'-V thick, deeply and irregularly divided into broad flat ridges covered by 

 large thin closely appressed light red-brown scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, coarse- 

 grained, light yellow, with thick yellow or nearly white sapwood; occasionally used for 

 fuel. The large edible seeds are gathered in large quantities and are eaten raw or 

 roasted. 



Distribution. Only in a narrow belt a few miles long on the coast near the mouth of 

 the Soledad River just north of San Diego and on the island of Santa Rosa, California; 

 the least widely distributed Pine-tree of the United States. 



