PINACE.E 



41 



seeds, often becoming strongly reflexed and very flexible; usually remaining on the branches 

 until their second winter; seeds acute at base, full and rounded on the sides, f long, 

 dark brown, and about one quarter the length of their wings broadest toward the full and 

 rounded apex. 



A tree, usually 80-100 high, with a trunk 2-3 in diameter above the swelling of its 

 enlarged and gradually tapering base, and furnished to the ground with crowded branches, 

 those at the top of the tree short and slightly ascending, with comparatively short pendu- 

 lous lateral branches, those lower on the tree horizontal or pendulous and clothed with 

 slender flexible whip-like laterals often 7-8 long and not more than \' thick and furnished 

 with numerous long thin lateral branchlets, their ultimate divisions slender, coated with 

 fine pubescence persistent until their third season, bright red-brown during their first win- 

 ter, gradually growing dark gray-brown. Winter-buds conic, light chestnut-brown, |' 



Fig. 44 



long and |' thick. Bark |'- ' thick, broken into long thin closely appressed scales dull 

 red-brown on the surface. Wood heavy, soft, close-grained, light brown or nearly white, 

 with thick hardly distinguishable sapwood. 



Distribution. Dry mountain ridges and peaks near the timber-line on both slopes of the 

 Siskiyou Mountains on the boundary between California and Oregon, forming small groves 

 at elevations of about 7000 above the sea; on a high peak wrest of Marble Mountain in 

 Siskiyou County, California; on the coast ranges of southwestern Oregon at elevations of 

 4000-5000. 



7. Picea sitchensis Carr. Tideland Spruce. Sitka Spruce. 



Leaves standing out from all sides of the branches and often nearly at right angles to 

 them, frequently bringing their white upper surface to view by a twist at then* base, straight 

 or slightly incurved, acute or acuminate with long callous tips, slightly rounded, green, 

 lustrous, and occasionally marked on the lower surface with 2 or 3 rows of small conspicu- 

 ous stomata on each side of the prominent midrib, flattened, obscurely ridged and almost 

 covered with broad silvery white bands of numerous rows of stomata on the upper surface, 

 i'-l|' long and jV~iV wide, mostly persistent 9-11 years. Flowers: male at the ends of 

 the pendant lateral branchlets, dark red; female on rigid terminal shoots of the branches of 

 the upper half of the tree, with nearly orbicular denticulate scales, often slightly truncate 

 above and completely hidden by their elongated acuminate bracts. Fruit oblong-cylindric, 

 short-stalked, yellow-green often tinged with dark red when fully grown, becoming lustrous 

 and pale yellow or reddish brown, 2|'-4' long, with thin stiff elliptic scales rounded toward 

 the apex, denticulate above the middle, and nearly twice as long as their lanceolate den- 



