PINACE^E 



43 



an ovoid-oblong, oval, or oblong-cylindric obtuse usually pendulous nearly sessile green 

 or rarely purple cone becoming light or dark reddish brown, with concave suborbicular or 

 ovate-oblong scales thin and entire on the margins, much longer than their minute bracts, 

 persistent on the axis of the cone after the escape of the seeds. Seeds furnished with resin- 

 vesicles, ovoid-oblong, compressed, nearly surrounded by their much longer obovate- 

 oblong wings; outer seed-coat crustaceous, light brown, the inner membranaceous, pale 

 chestnut-brown, and lustrous; cotyledons 3-6, much shorter than the inferior radicle. 



Tsuga is confined to temperate North America, Japan, central and southwestern China, 

 Formosa, and the Himalayas; nine species have been distinguished. 



Tsuga is the Japanese name of the Hemlock-tree. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. N, 



Leaves flat, obtuse or emarginate at apex, with stomata only on the lower surface; 

 ovoid, oblong or oblong-ovoid. 

 Cones stalked. 



Cone-scales broad-obovate, about as wide as long, their bracts broad and truncate. 



1. T. canadensis (A). 

 Cone-scales narrow-oval, much longer than wide, their bracts obtusely pointed. 



2. T. caroliniana (A). 

 Cones sessile; cone-scales oval, often abruptly contracted near the middle, then* 



bracts gradually narrowed to an obtuse point. * 



3. T. heterophylla (B, F, G). 



Leaves convex or keeled above, bluntly pointed, with stomata on both surfaces; cones ob- 

 long-cylindric, their scales oblong-obovate, longer than broad, much longer than their 

 acwminate short-pointed bracts. 4. T. Mertensiana (B, F, G). 



1. Tsuga canadensis Carr. Hemlock. 



Leaves, rounded and rarely emarginate at apex, dark yellow-green, lustrous and ob- 

 scurely grooved especially toward the base on the upper surface, marked on the lower sur- 

 face by 5 or 6 rows of stomata on each side of the low broad midrib, s'-f ' long, about T V 



Fig, 46 



wide, deciduous in their third season from dark orange-colored persistent bases. Flowers: 

 male light yellow; female pale green, with broad bracts coarsely laciniate on the margins 

 and shorter than their scales. Fruit on slender puberulous stalks often \' long, ovoid, 

 acute, |'-j' long, with broad-obovate scales almost as wide as long, and broad truncate 

 bracts slightly laciniate on the margins, opening and gradually losing their seeds during 



