

PINACE^E 49 



pressed dark red-brown scales. Wood light, red or yellow, with nearly white sapwood; 

 very variable in density, quality, and in the thickness of the sapwood; largely manu- 

 factured into lumber in British Columbia, western Washington and Oregon, and used for 

 all kinds of construction, fuel, railway-ties, arid piles; known commercially as "Oregon 

 pine." The bark is sometimes used in tanning leather. 



Distribution. From about latitude 55 north in the Rocky Mountains and from the 

 head of the Skeena River in the coast range, southward through all the Rocky Mountain 

 system to the mountains of western Texas, southern New Mexico and Arizona, and of 

 northern Mexico, and from the Big Horn and Laramie Ranges in Wyoming and from 

 eastern base of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado to the Pacific coast, but absent from the 

 arid mountains in the great basin between the Wahsatch and the Sierra Nevada ranges 

 and from the mountains of southern California; most abundant and of its largest size 

 near the sea-level in the coast region of southern British Columbia and of Washington 

 and Oregon, and on the western foothills of the Cascade Mountains; ascending on the 

 California Sierras to elevations of 5500, and on the mountains of Colorado to between 

 6000 and 11,000, above the sea. 



Often planted for timber and ornament in temperate Europe, and for ornament in 

 the eastern and northern states, where only the form from the interior of the continent 

 flourishes. (P. glauca Mayr.) 



2. Pseudotsuga macrocarpa Mayr. Hemlock. 



Leaves acute or acuminate, terminating in slender rigid callous tips, apparently 2- 

 ranked by the conspicuous twist of their petioles, incurved above the middle, f'-lj' long, 

 about T V wide, dark bluish gray. Flowers: male pale yellow, inclosed for half their length 



Fig. 51 



in conspicuous involucres of the lustrous bud-scales; female with pale green bracts tinged 

 with red. Fruit produced on the upper branches and occasionally on those down to the 

 middle of the tree, short-stalked, with scales near the middle of the cone 1^-2' across, stiff, 

 thick, concave, rather broader than long, rounded above, abruptly wedge-shaped at the 

 base, puberulous on the outer surface, often nearly as long as their comparatively short and 

 narrow bracts with broad midribs produced into short flattened flexible tips; seeds full and 

 rounded on both sides, rugose, dark chestnut-brown or nearly black and lustrous above, 

 pale reddish brown below, \' long, f ' wide, with a thick brittle outer coat, and wings broad- 

 est near the middle, about \' long, nearly \' wide, and rounded at the apex. 



A tree, usually 40-50 and rarely 90 high, with a trunk 3-4 in diameter, remote elon- 

 gated branches pendulous below, furnished with short stout pendant or often erect laterals 

 forming an open broad-based symmetrical pyramidal head, slender branchlets dark reddish 



