PINACE^E 61 



and irregularly fissured and broken into thick closely appressed scales. Wood heavy, 

 not hard, coarse-grained, light brown tinged with yellow, with paler sapwood. 



Distribution. In the moist bottoms of canons and on dry rocky summits, usually at 

 elevations of about 3000 above the sea on both slopes of the outer western ridge of the 

 Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County, California. 



Occasionally and successfully grown as an ornamental tree in the milder parts of Great 

 Britain and in northern Italy; not hardy in the eastern United States. 



7. SEQUOIA Endl. 



Resinous aromatic trees, with tall massive lobed trunks, thick bark of 2 layers, the outer 

 composed of fibrous scales, the inner thin, close and firm, soft, durable, straight-grained 

 red heartwood, thin nearly white sapwood, short stout horizontal branches, terete lateral 

 branchlets deciduous in the autumn, and scaly or naked buds. Leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 or linear and spreading in 2 ranks especially on young trees and branches, or linear, acute, 

 compressed, keeled on the back and closely appressed or spreading at apex, the two 

 forms appearing sometimes on the same branch or on different branches of the same tree. 

 Flowers minute, solitary, monoecious, appearing in early spring from buds formed the 

 previous autumn, the male terminal in the axils of upper leaves, oblong or ovoid, sur- 

 rounded by an involucre of numerous imbricated ovate, acute, and apiculate bracts, with 

 numerous spirally disposed filaments dilated into ovoid acute subpeltate denticulate connec- 

 tives bearing on their inner face 2-5 pendulous globose 2-valved anther-cells; the female 

 terminal, ovoid or oblong, composed of numerous spirally imbricated ovate scales abruptly 

 keeled on the back, the keels produced into short or elongated points closely adnate to the 

 short ovule-bearing scales rounded above and bearing below their upper margin in 2 rows 

 5-7 ovules at first erect, becoming reversed. Fruit an ovoid or short-oblong pendulous 

 cone maturing during the first or second season, persistent after the escape of the seeds, 

 its scales formed by the enlargement of the united flower and ovuliferous scales, becoming 

 woody, bearing large deciduous resin-glands, gradually enlarged upward and widening 

 at the apex into a narrow thickened oblong disk transversely depressed through the middle 

 and sometimes tipped with a small point. Seeds 5-7 under each scale, oblong-ovoid, com- 

 pressed; seed-coat membranaceous, produced into broad thin lateral wings; cotyledons 

 4-6, longer than the inferior radicle. 



Sequoia, widely scattered with several species over the northern hemisphere during the 

 cretaceous and tertiary epochs, is now confined to the coast of Oregon and California and 

 the mountains of California, where two species exist. 



The name of the genus is formed from Sequoiah, the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 



Leaves mostly spreading in 2 ranks; cones maturing in one season; buds scaly. 



1. S. sempervirens (G). 



Leaves slightly spreading or appressed; cones maturing in their second season; buds 

 naked. 2. S. gigantea (G). 



1. Sequoia sempervirens Endl. Redwood. 



Leaves of secondary branches and of lower branches of young trees lanceolate, more or 

 less falcate, acute or acuminate and usually tipped with slender rigid points, slightly thick- 

 ened on the revolute margins, decurrent at the base, spreading in 2 ranks by a half-turn at 

 their base, j' |' l n g> about f ' wide, obscurely keeled and marked above by 2 narrow bands 

 of stomata, glaucous and stomatiferous below on each side of their conspicuous mid- 

 rib, on leading shoots disposed in many ranks, more or less spreading or appressed, ovate 

 or ovate-oblong, incurved at the rounded apiculate apex, thickened, rounded, and stoma- 

 tiferous on the lower surface, concave, prominently keeled and covered with stomata 



