PINACE.E 69 



yellow-green during their first year, then cinnamon-brown, and after the falling of the 

 leaves, lustrous and dark reddish brown often tinged with purple, the lateral branchlets 

 5'-6' long, light green and lustrous on the upper surface, somewhat paler on the lower sur- 

 face, turning yellow and falling generally at the end of their second season. Bark bright 

 cinnamon-red, '-f ' thick, irregularly divided by narrow shallow fissures into broad ridges 

 rounded on the back and broken on the surface into long narrow rather loose plate-like 

 scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse-grained, easily split, dull brown tinged 

 with red ; largely used in Washington and Oregon for the interior finish of buildings, doors, 

 sashes, fences, shingles, and in cabinet-making and cooperage. From this tree the Indians 

 of the northwest coast split the planks used in the construction of their lodges, carved 

 the totems which decorate their villages, and hollowed out their great war canoes, and 

 from the fibres of the inner bark made ropes, blankets, and thatch for their cabins. 



Distribution. Singly and in small groves on low moist bottom-lands or near the banks 

 of mountain streams, from the sea-level to elevations of 6000 in the interior, from Baranoff 

 Island, Alaska, southward along the coast ranges of British Columbia, western Washing- 

 ton, and Oregon, where it is the most abundant and grows to its largest size, and through 

 the California-coast region to Mendocino County, ranging eastward along many of the 

 interior ranges of British Columbia, northern Washington, Idaho, and Montana to the 

 western slope of the continental divide. 



Often cultivated as an ornamental tree in the parks and gardens of western and central 

 Europe where it has grown rapidly and vigorously, and occasionally in the middle and 

 north Atlantic states. 



11. CUPRESSUS L. Cypress. 



Resinous trees, with bark often separating into long shred-like scales, fragrant durable 

 usually light brown heartwood, pale yellow sapwood, stout erect branches often becoming 

 horizontal in old age, slender 4-angled branchlets, and naked buds. Leaves scale-like, 

 ovate, acute, acuminate, or bluntly pointed at apex, with slender spreading or appressed 

 tips, thickened, rounded, and often glandular on the back, opposite in pairs, becoming 

 brown and woody before falling; on vigorous leading shoots and young plants needle-shaped 

 or linear-lanceolate and spreading. Flowers minute, monoecious, terminal, yellow, the two 

 sexes on separate branchlets; the male oblong, of numerous decussate stamens, with short 

 filaments enlarged into broadly ovate connectives bearing 2-6 globose pendulous anther- 

 cells; female oblong or subglocose, composed of 6-10 thick decussate scales bearing in several 

 rows at the base of the ovuliferous scale numerous erect bottle-shaped ovules. Fruit an 

 erect nearly globose cone maturing in the second year, composed of the much thickened 

 ovule-bearing scales of the flower, abruptly dilated, clavate and flattened at the apex, 

 bearing the remnants of the flower-scales developed into a short central more or less thick- 

 ened mucro or boss; long-persistent on the branch after the escape of the seeds. Seeds 

 numerous, in several rows, erect, thick, and acutely angled or compressed, with thin lateral 

 wings; seed-coat of 2 layers, the outer thin and membranaceous, the inner thicker and 

 crustaceous; cotyledons 3 or 4, longer than the superior radicle. 



Cupressus with ten or twelve species is confined to Pacific North America and Mexico 

 in the New World and to southeastern Europe, southwestern Asia, the Himalayas, and 

 China in the Old World. Of the exotic species Cupressus sempercirens L., of southeastern 

 Europe and southwestern Asia, and especially its pyramidal variety, are often planted 

 for ornament in the south Atlantic and Pacific states. 



Cupressus is the classical name of the Cypress- tree. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES 



JLeaves dark green. 



Leaves eglandular or obscurely glandular on the back. 



Leaves obtusely pointed; cones puberulous, !'-!' in diameter; seeds light chestnut- 

 brown. 1. C. macrocarpa (G). 



