PINACE.E 75 



durable in contact with the ground, somewhat used for fence-posts, corral-piles, mine- 

 timbers and in log cabins. 



Distribution. Gravelly slopes and moist gulches often in groups of considerable size 

 at altitudes between 4000 and 7000, Arizona; near Camp Verde, Tonto Basin; Natural 

 Bridge, Payson, etc.; on the Chiracahua Mountains (J. W. Tourney, July, 1894); on 

 the Santa Rita and Santa Catalina Mountains, and in Oak Creek Canon twenty miles 

 south of Flagstaff (P. Lowell, June, 1911). 



Now often cultivated in western Europe as C. arizonica. 



12. CHAMJECYPARIS. 



Tall resinous pyramidal trees., with thin scaly or deeply furrowed bark, nodding leading 

 shoots, spreading branches, flattened, often deciduous or ultimately terete branchlets 

 2-ranked in one horizontal plane, pale fragrant durable heartwood, thin nearly white 

 sap-wood, and naked buds. Leaves scale-like, ovate, acuminate, with slender spreading or 

 appressed tips, opposite in pairs, becoming brown and woody before falling, on vigorous 

 sterile branches and young plants needle-shaped or linear-lanceolate and spreading. Flow- 

 ers minute, monoecious, terminal, the two sexes on separate branchlets ; the male oblong, 

 of numerous decussate stamens, with short filaments enlarged into ovate connectives de- 

 creasing in size from below upward and bearing usually 2 pendulous globose anther-cells; 

 the female subglobose, composed of usually 6 decussate peltate scales bearing at the base 

 of the ovuliferous scales 2-5 erect bottle-shaped ovules. Fruit an erect globose cone ma- 

 turing at the end of the first season, surrounded at the base by the sterile lower scales of 

 the flowers, and formed by the enlargement of the ovule-bearing scales, abruptly dilated, 

 club-shaped and flattened at the apex, bearing the remnants of the flower-scales as short 

 prominent points or knobs; persistent on the branches after the escape of the seeds. Seeds 

 1-5, erect on the slender stalk-like base of the scale, subcylindric and slightly compressed; 

 seed-coat of 2 layers, the outer thin and membranaceous, the inner thicker and crustaceous, 

 produced into broad lateral wings; cotyledons 2, longer than the superior radicle. 



Chamsecyparis is confined to the Atlantic and Pacific coast regions of North America, 

 and to Japan and Formosa. Six species are distinguished. Of exotic species the Japan- 

 ese Retinosporas, Chamcecyparis obtusa Endl., and Chamcecyparis pisifera Endl., with 

 their numerous abnormal forms are familiar garden plants in all temperate regions. 



Chamcecyparis is from x a /" a ^ n the ground, and KVTrd/Htrcros, cypress. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 



Bark thin, divided into flat ridges; 



Branchlets slender, often compressed; leaves dull blue-green, usually conspicuously 



glandular. 1. C. thyoides (A, C). 



Branchlets stout, slightly flattened or terete; leaves dark blue-green, usually without 



glands. 2. C. nootkatensis (B, G). 



Bark thick, divided into broad rounded ridges; branchlets slender, compressed; leaves 



bright green, conspicuously glandular. 3. C. Lawsoniana (G). 



1. Chamaecyparis thyoides B. S. P. White Cedar. 

 Cupressus thyoides L. 



Leaves closely appressed, or spreading at the apex especially on vigorous leading shoots, 

 keeled and glandular or conspicuously glandular-punctate on the back, dark dull blue- 

 green or pale below, at the north becoming russet-brown during the winter, iV-i' long, 

 dying during the second season and then persistent for many years. Flowers: male com- 

 posed of 5 or 6 pairs of stamens, with ovate connectives rounded at apex, dark brown 

 below the middle, nearly black toward the apex: female subglobose, with ovate acute 



