78 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



remote flat spray frequently 6'-8' long. Bark often 10' thick at the base of old trees and 

 3'-4' thick on smaller stems, dark reddish brown, with 2 distinct layers, the inner '-$' 

 thick, darker, more compact, and firmer than the outer, divided into great broad-based 

 rounded ridges separated on the surface into small thick closely appressed scales. Wood 

 light, hard, strong, very close-grained, abounding in fragrant resin, durable, easily worked, 





Fig. 77 



light yellow, or almost white, with hardly distinguishable sapwood; largely manufactured 

 into lumber used for the interior finish and flooring of buildings, railway-ties, fence-posts, 

 and boat and shipbuilding, and on the Pacific coast almost exclusively for matches. The 

 resin is a powerful diuretic. 



Distribution. Usually scattered in small groves from the shores of Coos Bay, south- 

 western Oregon, south to the mouth of the Klamath River, California, ranging inland 

 usually for about thirty miles; near Waldorf, in Josephine County, Oregon, on the slopes 

 of the Siskiyou Mountains, and on the southern flanks of Mt. Shasta, California; most abun- 

 dant north of Rogue River on the Oregon coast and attaining its largest size on the western 

 slopes of the Coast Range foothills, forming between Point Gregory and the mouth of the 

 Coquille River a nearly continuous forest belt twenty miles long. 



Often cultivated with the innumerable forms originated in nurseries, in the middle 

 Atlantic states and California, in all the temperate countries of Europe, and in New Zealand. 



13. JUNIPERUS L. Juniper. 



Pungent aromatic trees or shrubs, with usually thin shreddy bark, soft close-grained 

 durable wood, slender branches, and scaly or naked buds. Leaves sessile, in whorls of 

 3, persistent for many years, convex on the lower side, concave and stomatiferous above, 

 linear-subulate, sharp-pointed, without glands (Oxycedrus) ; or scale-like, ovate, opposite 

 in pairs or ternate, closely imbricated, appressed and adnate to the branch, glandular or 

 eglandular on the back, becoming brown and woody on the branch, but on young plants 

 and vigorous shoots often free and awl-shaped (Sabind). Flowers minute, dioecious, 

 axillary or terminal on short axillary branches from buds formed the previous autumn on 

 branches of the year; the male solitary, oblong-ovoid, w r ith numerous stamens decussate 

 or in 3's, their filaments enlarged into ovate or peltate yellow scale-like connectives bear- 

 ing near the base 2-6 globose pollen-sacs; the female ovoid, surrounded at the base by many 

 minute scale-like bracts persistent and unchanged under the fruit, composed of 2-6 op- 

 posite or ternate pointed scales alternate with or bearing on their inner face at the base 

 on a minute ovuliferous scale 1 or 2 ovules. Fruit a berry-like succulent fleshy blue, blue- 



