80 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



Seeds 1 or 2, dark chestnut-brown, acute, obscurely ridged; leaves obtusely 

 pointed, often eglandular. 9. J. mexicana (C). 



Leaves naked on the margins, mostly opposite, glandular or eglandular; fruit sub- 

 globose. 

 Fruit ripening at the end of the first season. 



Fruit '-$' in diameter; seeds 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4; leaves acute or acuminate; 



branches spreading or erect. 10. J. virginiana (A, C). 



Fruit iV~e' m diameter; seeds 1 or 2; leaves acute; branches usually pendulous. 



11. J. lucayana (C). 



Fruit ripening at the end of the second season, j' |' in diameter; seeds 1 or 2; 

 leaves acute or acuminate. 12. J. scopulorum (B, F). 



1. Juniperus communis L. Juniper. 



Leaves spreading nearly at right angles to the branchlets, \'-\' long, about gV wide, 

 turning during winter a deep rich bronze color on the lower surface, persistent for many 

 years. Flowers : male composed of 5 or 6 whorls each of 3 stamens, with broadly ovate acute 

 and short-pointed connectives, bearing at the very base 3 or 4 globose anther-cells; female 



Fig. 78 



surrounded by 5 or 6 whorls of ternate leaf-like scales, composed of 3 slightly spreading ovules 

 abruptly enlarged and open at the apex, with 3 minute obtuse fleshy scales below and alter- 

 nate with them. Fruit maturing in the third season, subglobose or short-oblong, about 

 \' in diameter, with soft mealy resinous sweet flesh and 1-3 seeds; often persistent on the 

 branches one or two years after ripening; seeds ovoid, acute, irregularly angled or flattened, 

 deeply penetrated by numerous prominent thin-walled resin-glands, about f ' long, the 

 outer coat thick and bony, the inner membranaceous. 



In America only occasionally tree-like and 10-20 tall, with a short eccentric irregularly 

 lobed trunk rarely a foot in diameter, erect branches forming an irregular open head, slen- 

 der branchlets, smooth, lustrous, and conspicuously 3-angled between the short nodes dur- 

 ing their first and second years, light yellow tinged with red, gradually growing darker, 

 their dark red-brown bark separating in the third season into small thin scales, and ovoid 

 acute buds about \' long and loosely covered with scale-like leaves; more often a shrub, 

 with many short slender stems prostrate at the base and turning upward and forming a 

 broad mass sometimes 20 across and 3 or 4 high (var. depressa Pursh.) ; at high elevations 

 and in the extreme north prostrate, with long decumbent stems and shorter and more 

 crowded leaves (var. montana Ait.) passing into the var. Jackii Rehdr with long trailing 

 branches and broader incurved leaves. Bark about t y thick, dark reddish brown, sepa- 



