82 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



Texas (Armstrong, Potter and Hartley Counties), and in Hardaman, Garza, Tom Green, 

 Kemble, Valverde and Menard Counties; on Comanche Peak near Granbury, Hood County, 

 Texas; in central and on the mountains of southern Arizona. 



3. Juniperus californica Carr. Desert White Cedar. Sweet-berried Cedar. 



Leaves usually in 3's, closely appressed, thickened, slightly keeled and conspicuously 

 glandular-pitted on the back, pointed at apex, cartilaginously fringed on the margins, 

 light yellow-green, about ' long, dying and turning brown on the branch at the end of two 

 or three years; on vigorous shoots linear-lanceolate, rigid, sharp-pointed, i'-f long, whitish 



on the upper surface. 

 Flowers from Janu- 

 ary to March; male 

 of 18-20 stamens, dis- 

 posed in 3's, with 

 rhomboidal short- 

 pointed connectives; 

 scales of the female 

 flower usually 6, ovate, 

 acute, spreading, ob- 

 literated or minute on 

 the fruit. Fruit short- 

 oblong or ovoid, \'-\' 

 long, reddish brown, 

 with a membrana- 

 ceous loose skin cov- 

 ered with a thick 

 Fig. 80 glaucous bloom, thick 



fibrous dry sweet flesh, 



and 1 or 2 seeds; seeds ovoid, obtusely pointed, irregularly lobed and angled, and 4-6 

 cotyledons. 



A conical tree, occasionally 40 high, with a straight, large-lobed unsymmetrical trunk 

 l-2 in diameter; more often shrubby, with many stout irregular usually contorted stems 

 forming a broad open head. Bark thin and divided into long loose plate-like scales ashy 

 gray on the outer surface and persistent for many years. Wood soft, close-grained, durable 

 in contact with the soil, light brown slightly tinged with red, with thin nearly white sap- 

 wood; used for fencing and fuel. The fruit is eaten by Indians fresh or ground into 

 flour. 



Distribution. Dry mountain slopes and hills at altitudes between 400 and 4000, from 

 Moraga Pass and Mt. Diabolo, Contra Costa County, California, southward on the coast 

 ranges, spreading inland to their union with the Sierra Nevada, and northward at low alti- 

 tudes along the western slopes of the Sierras to Kern and Mariposa Counties; on the 

 desert slopes of the Tehachapi Mountains, the northern foothills of the San Bernardino 

 Mountains, on the western slopes of the San Jacinto and Cayamaca Ranges, and south- 

 ward in Lower California to Agua Dulce; arborescent and probably of its largest size on the 

 Mohave Desert. 



4. Juniperus utahensis Lemm. Juniper. 



Leaves opposite or in 3's, rounded, usually glandular, acute or often acuminate, light 

 yellow-green, rather less than \' long, persistent for many years. Flowers: male with 

 18-24 opposite or tenate stamens, their connectives rhomboidal; scales of the female flower 

 acute, spreading, often in pairs. Fruit ripening during the autumn of the second season, 

 subglobose or short-oblong, marked by the more or less prominent tips of the flower-scales, 

 reddish brown, with a thick firm skin covered with a glaucous bloom and closely in- 



