90 



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



12. Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Red Cedar. 



Leaves usually opposite, closely appressed, acute or acuminate, generally marked on the 

 back by obscure elongated glands, dark green, or often pale and very glaucous. Flowers: 

 male with about 6 stamens, their connectives rounded and entire, bearing 4 or 5 anther- 

 sacs: scales of the female flower spreading, acute or acuminate, and obliterated from the 

 mature fruit. Fruit ripening at the end of the second season, nearly globose, \'-\' in 

 diameter, bright blue, with a thin skin covered with a glaucous bloom, sweet resinous 

 flesh, and 1 or usually 2 seeds; seeds acute, prominently grooved and angled, about T 3 e ' 

 long, with a thick bony outer coat and a small 2-lobed hilum. 



A tree, 30-40 high, with a short stout trunk sometimes 3 in diameter, often divided 

 near the ground into a number of stout spreading stems, thick spreading and ascending 



branches covered with scaly bark, forming an irregular round-topped head, and slender 

 4-angled branchlets becoming at the end of three or four years terete and clothed with 

 smooth pale bark separating later into thin scales. Bark dark reddish brown or gray 

 tinged with red, divided by shallow fissures into narrow flat connected ridges broken on the 

 surface into persistent shredded scales. 



Distribution. Scattered often singly over dry rocky ridges, usually at altitudes of 

 5000 or 6000 but occasionally ascending in Colorado to 9000 above the sea, from the 

 eastern foothill region of the Rocky Mountains from Alberta to the Black Hills of South 

 Dakota, the valley of the Niobrara River, Sheridan County, northwestern Nebraska ( J. M. 

 Bates) and to western Texas and eastern and northern New Mexico, and westward to 

 eastern Oregon, Nevada, and northern Arizona; descending to the sea- level in Washing- 

 ton on the shores of the northern part of Puget Sound and on the islands and mainland 

 about the Gulf of Georgia, British Columbia. 



H. TAXACEJE. 



Slightly resinous trees and shrubs, producing when cut vigorous stump shoots, with 

 fissured or scaly bark, light-colored durable close-grained wood, slender branchlets, linear- 

 lanceolate entire rigid acuminate spirally disposed leaves, usually appearing 2-ranked 

 by a twist in their short compressed petioles and persistent for many years, and small 

 ovoid acute buds. Flowers opening in early spring from buds formed the previous au- 

 tumn, dioecious or monoecious, axillary and solitary, surrounded by the persistent decus- 

 sate scales of the buds, the male composed of numerous filaments united into a column, 



