

JUGLANDACE.E 169 



1. JUGLANS L. Walnut. 



Trees, with furrowed scaly bark, durable dark-colored wood, stout branchlets, laminate 

 pith, terminal buds with 2 pairs of opposite more or less open scales often obscurely pinnate 

 at apex, those of the inner pair more or less leaf-like, and obtuse slightly flattened axillary 

 buds formed before midsummer and covered with 4 ovate rounded scales, closed or open 

 during winter. Leaves with numerous leaflets, and terete petioles leaving in falling large 

 conspicuous elevated obcordate 3-lobed leaf-scars displaying 3 equidistant U-shaped clus- 

 ters of dark fibro- vascular bundle-scars; leaflets conduplicate in the bud, ovate, acute or 

 acuminate, mostly unequal at base, with veins arcuate and united near the margins. 

 Aments of the staminate flowers many-flowered, elongated, solitary or in pairs from lower 

 axillary buds of upper nodes, appearing from between persistent bud-scales in the autumn 

 and remaining during the winter as short cones covered by the closely imbricated bracts of 

 the flowers; calyx 3-6-lobed, its bract free only at the apex; stamens 8-40, in 2 or several 

 ranks, their anthers surmounted by a conspicuous dilated truncate or lobed connective; 

 pistillate flowers in few-flowered spikes, their involucre villose, free only at the apex and 

 variously cut into a laciniate border (cwolla?) shorter than the erect calyx-lobes; ovary 

 rarely of 3 carpels; stigmas club-shaped, elongated, fimbriately plumose. Fruit ovoid, 

 globose or pyriform, round or obscurely 4-angled, with a fleshy indehiscent glabrate 

 or hirsute husk; nut ovoid or globose, more or less flattened, hard, thick-walled, longitu- 

 dinally and irregularly rugose, the valves alternate with the cotyledons, and more or less 

 ribbed along the dorsal sutures and in some species also on the marginal sutures. Seed 

 more or less compressed, gradually narrowed or broad and deeply lobed at base, with con- 

 spicuous dark veins radiating from the apex and from the minute basal hilum. 



Juglans is confined to temperate North America, the West Indies, South America from 

 Venezuela to Peru, western and northern China, Korea, Manchuria, Japan, and Formosa^ 

 Eleven species are known. Of exotic species Juglans regia L., an inhabitant probably 

 originally of China, is cultivated in the middle Atlantic and southern states and largely 

 in California for its edible nuts, which are an important article ot commerce. The wood 

 of several species is valued for the interior finish of houses and for furniture. 



Juglans, from Jupiter and glands, is the classical name of the Walnut-tree. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES. 



Fruit racemose; nut 4-ribbed at the sutures 'with smaller intermediate ribs, 2-celled at the 



base; heartwood light brown; leaflets 11-17, oblong-lanceolate. 1. J. cinera (A, C). 



Fruit usually solitary or in pairs; nut without sutural ribs, 4-celled at the base; heartwood 



dark brown. 



Nuts prominently and irregularly ridged with often interrupted ridges; leaflets 15-23, 

 ovate-lanceolate. 2. J. nigra (A, C) 



Nuts more or less deeply longitudinally grooved. 



Nuts up to l' in diameter; leaflets 9-13, rarely 19, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acumi- 

 nate, coarsely serrate. 3. J. major (F, H). 

 Nuts not more than f ' in diameter. 



Leaflets 17-23, narrow-lanceolate, long-pointed. 4. J. rupestris (C) . 



Leaflets 11-15 or rarely 19, oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the lower often 



rounded at the apex. 5. J. californica (G). 



Nuts obscurely or not at all grooved, up to 2' in diameter; leaflets 15-19, ovate-lanceolate 



to lanceolate, long-pointed. 6. J. Hindsii (G). 



1. Juglans cinerea L. Butternut. 



Leaves 15'-30' long, with stout pubescent petioles, and 11-17 oblong-lanceolate acute 

 or acuminate leaflets 2'-3' long, l'-2' wide, finely serrate except at the unequal rounded 



