172 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



!' long, tomentose, their outer scales opening at the apex during the winter. Bark of 

 young stems and branches light brown and covered with thin scales, becoming on old trees 

 2'-3' thick, dark brown slightly tinged with red, and deeply divided into broad rounded 

 ridges broken on the surface into thick appressed scales. Wood heavy, hard, strong, 

 rather coarse-grained, very durable, rich dark brown, with thin lighter colored sapwood 

 of 10-20 layers of annual growth; largely used in cabinet-making, the interior finish of 

 houses, gun-stocks, air-planes, and in boat and shipbuilding. 



Distribution. Rich bottom-lands and fertile hillsides, western Massachusetts to south- 

 ern Ontario, southern Michigan, southeastern Minnesota, central and northern Nebraska, 

 central Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and southward to western Florida, central Alabama and 

 Mississippi, and the valley of the San Antonio River, .Texas; most abundant in the region 

 west of the Alleghany Mountains, and of its largest size on the western slopes of the high 

 mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee, and on the fertile river bottom-lands of 

 southern Illinois and Indiana, southwestern Arkansas, and Oklahoma; largely destroyed 

 for its valuable timber, and now rare. 



Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental tree in the eastern United States, and in west- 

 ern and central Europe. X Juglans intermedia Carr., a natural hybrid, of J. nigra with the 

 so-called English Walnut (J. regia) has appeared in the United States and Europe, and on 

 the banks of the James River in Virginia has grown to a larger size than any other re- 

 corded Walnut-tree. In California a hybrid, known as " Royal," between J. nigra and 

 J. Hindsti has been artificially produced. 



3. Juglans major Hell. Nogal. 



Juglans rupestris var. major Torr. 



Juglans rupestris Sarg., in part, not Engelm. 



Leaves 8'-12' long, with slender pubescent petioles and rachis, and 9-13 rarely 19 oblong- 

 lanceolate to ovate acuminate often slightly falcate coarsely serrate leaflets cuneate or 

 rounded at base, coated when they first appear with scurfy pubescence, soon becoming 



Fig. 165 



glabrous, or at maturity slightly pubescent on the midrib below, 3'-4', or those of the lower 

 pairs H'-2' long, and l'-lf wide, thin, yellow-green, with a thin conspicuous yellow midrib 

 and primary veins. Flowers: staminate in slender puberulous or pubescent aments 8'-10' 



