JUGLANDACE^E 181 



rating on the surface into small thin flakes. Wood heavy, very hard, strong, tough, close- 

 grained, dark brown, with thick light brown or often nearly white sapwood; largely used 

 for hoops and ox-yokes, and for fuel. 



Distribution. Low wet woods near the borders of streams and swamps or on high rolling 

 uplands often remote from streams, southern Maine to Quebec and Ontario, the northern 

 shores of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, northern Minnesota, southeastern Nebraska, 

 eastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and southward to northwestern Florida, Dallas County, 

 Alabama, and eastern Texas; generally distributed, but not very abundant in all the cen- 

 tral states east and west of the Appalachian Mountains; ranging farther north than the 

 other species, and growing to its largest size on the bottom-lands of the lower Ohio basin; 

 the common Hickory of Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. 



A natural hybrid, X C. Brownii Sarg. of C. cordif&rmis with C. pecan, with characters 

 intermediate between those of its supposed parents, occurs on bottom-land of the Ar- 

 kansas River near Van Buren, Crawford County, Arkansas. Probably of the same parent- 

 age is the so-called Galloway Nut found in Hamilton County, Ohio. Another hybrid, 

 X C. Brownii var. varians Sarg., probably of the same parentage also, occurs near Van 

 Buren. X C. Laneyi Sarg., a natural hybrid evidently of C. cordifarmis with C. ovata, has 

 been found in Rochester, New York, and trees considered varieties of the same hybrid, 

 var. chateaugayensis Sarg., occur near the mouth of the Chateaugay River, Province of 

 Quebec, and at Summertown, Ontario. 



4. Carya aquatica Nutt. Water Hickory. 



Leaves 9'-15' long, with slender dark red puberulous or tomentose petioles, and 7-13 

 ovate-lanceolate long-pointed falcate leaflets symmetrical and rounded or cuneate and un- 

 symmetrical and oblique at base, finely or coarsely serrate, sessile or stalked, 3'-5' long, 



Fig. 172 



f'-l|' wide, covered with yellow glandular dots, thin, dark green above, brown and lus- 

 trous or tomentose on the lower surface, especially on the slender midrib and primary 

 veins, the terminal leaflet more or less decurrent by its wedge-shaped base on a slender 

 stalk or rarely nearly sessile. Flowers: staminate in solitary or fascicled hirsute aments 

 2|'-3' long, covered like their bract with yellow glandular pubescence; stamens 6, with 

 yellow puberulous anthers; pistillate in several flowered spikes, oblong, slightly flat- 

 tened, 4-angled, glandular-pubescent. Fruit often in 3 or 4-fruited clusters, much com- 

 pressed, usually broadest above the middle, rounded at the slightly narrowed base, rounded 

 or abruptly narrowed at apex, conspicuously 4-winged, dark brown or nearly black, covered 



