249 



shaped cup dark red-brown and lustrous within, and covered by closely appressed ovate 

 light red-brown thin puberulous scales. 



A tree, usually 70-80 high, with a trunk 2-3 in diameter, often clothed with small 

 tough drooping branches, or when crowded in the forest sometimes 120 high, with a 

 trunk 60-70 tall and 4-5 in diameter, slender branches beset with short-ridged spur- 

 like laterals a few inches in length, forming on young trees a broad pyramidal head, be- 

 coming on older trees open and irregular, with rigid and more pendulous branches often fur- 

 nished at first with small drooping branchlets, and slender tough branchlets dark red and 

 covered by short pale silvery tomentum, soon becoming green and glabrous, lustrous dark red- 

 brown or orange color in their first winter, growing darker in their second year and ultimately 

 dark gray-brown. Winter-buds ovoid, gradually narrowed and acute at apex, about f ' 

 long, with imbricated light chestnut-brown scales puberulous toward the thin sometimes 

 ciliate margins. Bark of young trunks and branches smooth, lustrous, light brown fre- 

 quently tinged with red, becoming on older trunks l'-\\' thick, light gray-brown, gener- 

 ally smooth and covered by small closely appressed scales. Wood heavy, hard, strong, 

 coarse-grained, light brown, with thin rather darker colored sap wood; sometimes used in 

 construction, and for shingles and clapboards. 



Distribution. Borders of swamps and river-bottoms in deep rich moist soil; valley of the 

 Connecticut River in western Massachusetts and Connecticut; on Grand Isle in the Niagara 

 River, New York to southern Ontario and southwestern Michigan, and westward to eastern 

 Iowa (Muscatine County), and southward to southern West Virginia (Hardy and Mercer 

 Counties), southwestern Virginia (Wythe County), central North Carolina (on Bowling's 

 Creek, near Chapel Hill, Orange County, and on Dutchman's Creek, Forsyth County); 

 and to southern Kentucky, central Tennessee, southern Arkansas (Fulton, Hempstead 

 County), and northeastern Oklahoma; rare and of small size in New England; exceedingly 

 common on the coast plain south of the Hudson River; very abundant on the bottom-lands 

 of the streams of the lower Ohio River. 



Often cultivated as an ornamental tree in the northeastern states and occasionally in 

 the countries of western and central Europe. 



7. Quercus georgiana M. A. Curtis. 



Leaves convolute in the bud, elliptic or obovate, gradually narrowed and cuneate at 

 base, divided generally about half way to the midrib by wide or narrow oblique sinuses 



Fig. 229 



rounded in the bottom into 3-7 lobes, the terminal lobe ovate, acute, or rounded and en- 

 tire or frequently furnished with 1 or 2 small lateral teeth, the lateral lobes oblique or 



