256 



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



I' long, bright orange-brown, inclosed only at base or sometimes for one third its length in 

 a thin saucer-shaped cup flat on the bottom or gradually narrowed from a stalk-like base, or 

 deep and turbinate, bright red-brown on the inner surface, covered by thin ovate-oblong 

 reddish scales acute or rounded at apex and pale-pubescent except on the margins. 



A tree, usually 70-80 high, with a trunk 2-3 in diameter, large'spreading branches 

 forming a broad round-topped open head, and stout branchlets coated at first, like the 

 young leaves, with thick rusty or orange-colored clammy tomentum, dark red or reddish 

 brown and pubescent or rarely glabrous during their first winter, becoming in their second 

 year dark red-brown or ashy gray. The var. iriloba usually 20-30 rarely 40-50 high. 

 Winter-buds ovoid or oval, acute, |'-j' long, with bright chestnut-brown puberulous or 

 pilose scales ciliate with short pale hairs. Bark f'-l' thick, dark brown or pale, and di- 

 vided by shallow fissures into broad ridges covered by thin closely appressed scales. Wood 





Fig. 234 



hard, strong, not durable, coarse-grained, light red, with thick lighter colored sap wood; 

 sometimes used in construction, and largely as fuel. The bark is rich in tannin, and is 

 used in tanning leather and occasionally in medicine. 



Distribution. Southeastern and southern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey 

 southward to central Florida, through the Gulf states to the valley of the Brazos River, 

 Texas, and through eastern Oklahoma and southwestern Missouri to central Tennessee 

 and Kentucky, southern Indiana and Illinois, southern Ohio (Black Fork Creek, Lawrence 

 County), and Kanawha County, West Virginia; in the north Atlantic states only in the 

 neighborhood of the coast and comparatively rare; very common in the south Atlantic and 

 Gulf states on dry hills between the coast plain and the Appalachian Mountains; less abund- 

 ant in the southern maritime Pine belt. The var. triloba: rare and local. Pleasant Grove, 

 Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and Jefferson County, Indiana, southward to central 

 and western Florida, southern Alabama and Mississippi, western Arkansas and eastern 

 Texas; on dry uplands near Milledgeville, Baldwin County, Georgia, the prevailing form. 



Quercus rubra var. pagodaefolia Ashe. Swamp Spanish Oak. Red Oak. 



Quercus pagoda Rafn. 

 Quercus pagodcefolia Ashe. 



Leaves elliptic to oblong, acuminate, gradually narrowed and cuneate or full and rounded 

 or rarely truncate at base, deeply divided by wide sinuses rounded in the bottom into 5-1 1 

 acuminate usually entire repand-dentate lobes often falcate and spreading at right angles 



