ULMACE.E 



317 



closely imbricated chestnut-brown scales, the outer more or less scarious on the margins, 

 the inner accrescent, becoming at maturity ovate-oblong, scarious, bright red, %'-%' long, 

 marking in falling the base of the branchlet with pale ring-like scars. Leaves alternate, 

 2-ranked, ovate-oblong, acute or rounded at the narrowed apex, unequally cuneate or 

 rounded at base, coarsely crenately serrate with unequal gland-tipped teeth, with numerous 

 straight conspicuous veins forked near the margin and connected by cross reticulate vein- 

 lets more conspicuous below than above, when they unfold puberulous on the lower and 

 pilose on the upper surface, at maturity thick or subcoriaceous and scabrate; petiolate with 

 slender terete puberulous petioles; stipules lateral, free, ovate, scarious, bright red. Flowers 

 polygamo-moncecious, the staminate fascicled in the axils of the outer scales of leaf-bear- 

 ing buds, short-pedicellate, the pistillate or perfect on elongated puberulous pedicels in the 

 axils of the leaves of the year in 1-3-flowered fascicles; pedicels without bracts; calyx 

 campanulate, divided nearly to the base into 4 or 5 lobes rounded at apex, greenish yellow 

 often tinged with red; stamens inserted under the ovary in the pistillate flower, sometimes 

 few or 0; filaments filiform, erect, exserted; anthers broadly ovate, emarginate, cordate; 

 ovary ovoid, stipitate, glandular-tuberculate, narrowed into a short style divided into 2 

 elongated reflexed stigmas papillo-stigmatic on the inner face, in the staminate flower; 

 ovule anatropous; micropyle extrorse, superior. Fruit an oblong oblique drupe, narrowed 

 below into a short stipe, inclosed at the base by the withered calyx, crowned by the rem- 

 nants of the style, its pericarp crustaceous, prominently ribbed on the anterior and pos- 

 terior faces, irregularly tuberculate with elongated projections, and light chestnut-brown; 

 seed ovoid, oblique, pointed at apex, rounded below, without albumen; testa thin, lustrous, 

 dark brown or nearly black, of two coats; raphe inconspicuous; embryo erect; cotyledons 

 thick, unequal, bright orange color, the apex of the larger hooded and slightly infolding 

 the smaller, much longer than the minute radicle turned toward the linear pale hilum. 



The genus is represented by a single species. 



The generic name is in memory of Johann Jacob Planer, a German botanist and physician 

 of the eighteenth century. 



1. Planera aquatica Gmel. Water Elm. 



Leaves 2'-2' long, f '-!' wide, on petioles varying from J'-J' in length, dark dull green 

 on the upper surface, paler on the lower surface, with a yellow midrib and veins. Flowers 

 appearing with the leaves. Fruit ripening in April, \ f long. 



Fig. 288 



A tree, 30-40 high, with a short trunk rarely exceeding 20' in diameter, rather slender 

 spreading branches forming a low broad head, and branchlets brown tinged with red when 



