342 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



Distribution. Sea-beaches and the shores of salt water lagoons; Cape Canaveral. 

 Florida to the southern keys, attaining its largest size in Florida on Elliott's Key and 

 Old Rhodes Key; on the Bahama Islands and in Cuba. 



Subdivision 2. Petalatse. Flowers with both calyx and corolla (without a 

 corolla in Lauraceoc, in Liquidambar in Hamamelidacece, in Euphorbiacece, in 

 some species of Acer, in Reynosia, Condalia, and Krugiodendron in Rhamnaceae, 

 in Fremontia in Sterculiacece, in Calyptranthes in Myrtacece, and in Conocarpu* 

 in Combretaceoe). 



Section 1. Polypetalse. Corolla of separate petals. 



A. Ovary superior (partly inferior in Hamamelidacece; inferior in Malus, 



Sorbus, Cratcegus and Amelanchier in Rosaceoe). 



XVI. MAGNOLIACE^). 



Trees or shrubs, with watery juice, branchlets lengthening by large terminal or the 

 flower-bearing branchlets by upper axillary buds, the other axillary buds obtuse, flattened, 

 and rudimentary, bitter aromatic bark, and thick fleshy roots. Leaves alternate, con- 

 duplicate and inclosed in their stipules in the bud, feather-veined, petiolate. Flowers per- 

 fect, large, solitary, terminal, pedicellate, inclosed in the bud in a stipular caducous spathe: 

 sepals and petals imbricated in the bud, inserted under the ovary, deciduous; stamens and 

 pistils numerous, imbricated in many ranks, the stamens below the pistils on the surface 

 of an elongated receptacle ripening into a compound fruit of 1-2-seeded follicles or samara: 

 ovules 2, collateral, anatropous. Four of the ten genera of the Magnolia family are repre- 

 sented in North America; of these two are arborescent. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ARBORESCENT GENERA. 



Anthers introrse; mature carpels, fleshy, opening on the back at maturity, persistent; seed- 

 coat thick, pulpy, and bright scarlet; leaves entire, or auriculate at base. 1. Magnolia. 



Anthers extrorse; mature carpels dry, indehiscent, deciduous; seed-coat dry and coriaceous: 

 leaves lobed or truncate. 2. Liriodendron. 



1. MAGNOLIA L. Magnolia. 



Trees, with ashy gray or brown smooth or scaly bark, branchlets conspicuously marked 

 by large horizontal or longitudinal leaf-scars and by narrow stipular rings, and large terete 

 acuminate or often obtusely-pointed more or less gibbous winter-buds usually broadest at 

 the middle, their scales large membranaceous stipules adnate to the base of the petioles and 

 deciduous with the unfolding of each successive leaf, the petiole of the outer stipule rudi- 

 mentary, adnate on the straight side of the bud, and marked at its apex by the scar left 

 by the falling of the last leaf of the previous season. Leaves entire, sometimes auriculate. 

 persistent or deciduous, often minutely punctate, their numerous primary veins arcuate 

 and more or less united within the margins. Flowers appearing in the American species 

 after the leaves, their stipular spathes thin and membranaceous; sepals 3, spreading or 

 reflexed; petals 6-12 in series of 3's, concave, erect or spreading; stamens early deciduous, 

 their filaments shorter than the 2-celled introrse anthers and terminating in apiculate 

 fleshy connectives; ovary sessile, 1-celled; style short, recurved, stigmatic on the inner face; 

 ovules horizontal. Fruit a scarlet or rusty brown cone formed of the coalescent 2-seeded 

 drupaceous persistent follicles opening on the back; seeds suspended at maturity by long 

 thin cords of unrolled spiral vessels; seed-coat thick, drupaceous, the outer portion becom- 

 ing fleshy and at maturity pulpy, red or scarlet, the inner crustaceous; embryo minute at 



