344 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



of large fibre-vascular bundle-scars. Bark \'-% thick, furrowed, dark brown, and covered 

 by numerous thin scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, durable, and light 

 yellow-brown, with thin lighter colored often nearly white sapwood of usually 25-30 

 layers of annual growth; occasionally manufactured into lumber used for flooring and 

 cabinet-making. 



Fig. 310 



Distribution. Low r mountain slopes and rocky banks of streams; southern Ontario, 

 western New York, central to western Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, 

 and along the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia and to central Kentucky and 

 Tennessee; banks of the Savannah River above Augusta, and in the neighborhood of Lump- 

 kin, Stewart County, Georgia; northern Alabama, northeastern, northwestern and south- 

 central Mississippi; Eagle Rock, Barry County, and on bluffs of the Mississippi River, 

 Cape Girardeau County, Missouri, and Baxter County, Arkansas; in eastern Oklahoma 

 (Page, Le Flore County); in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, represented by var. ludo- 

 viciana Sarg. differing in its broadly obovate, oval or ovate leaves, and in its larger 

 flowers, 3|'-4' long, the outer petals If wide. Rare at the north; most abundant and 

 of its largest size at the base of the high mountains of the Carolinas and Tennessee 

 up to altitudes of 4000. 



Often planted as an ornamental tree in the eastern states and in northern and central 

 Europe. 



2. Magnolia cordata Michx. 

 Magnolia acuminata var. cordata Sarg. 



Leaves oblong-obovate to elliptic, abruptly short-pointed or rounded at apex, gradually 

 narrowed and cuneate, broad-cuneate or rarely rounded at base, when they unfold villose- 

 pubescent more densely on the lower than on the upper surface, at maturity dark green, 

 lustrous and glabrous above, paler and covered below with short matted pale hairs, 4' or 5' 

 long, 2|'-3|' wide, with a slender yellow midrib and primary veins; remaining green until 

 late in the autumn and turning brown and falling after severe frost; petioles slender, cov- 

 ered when they first appear with matted silky white hairs, becoming glabrous, |'-f ' in length. 

 Flowers on stout pedicels, |' |' long and covered with long silky white hairs, cup-shaped, 

 bright canary yellow; sepals ovate, acute, soon reflexed; petals 6, erect and spreading, 

 H'-lf long, |'-f' wide. Fruit oblong, often curved, glabrous, dark red, l'-lf long, 

 I'-f ' thick. 



A shrub, 4-8high, flowering freely when not more than half that size; or in gardens a 

 tree sometimes 20-30 tall with a trunk 12'-15' in diameter, spreading branches forming a 



