370 



TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



up from the ground numerous rigid diverging stems 5-20 tall. Winter-buds acute, 

 slightly falcate, light orange-brown, covered with short tine pubescence, f '-' long. Bark |' 

 thick, light brown, generally smooth but broken into minute thin appressed scales disclos- 

 ing in falling the dark reddish purple inner bark. Wood heavy, hard, very close-grained, 

 light brown tinged with red, with thick nearly white sapwood of 30-40 layers of annual 

 growth! The bark and leaves are slightly astringent and although not known to possess 

 essential properties are largely used in the form of fluid extracts and decoctions and in 

 homoeopathic practice, Pond's Extract being made by distilling the bark in diluted alcohol. 



Distribution. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the valley of the St. Lawrence River to 

 southern Ontario, southern Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota and northeastern Iowa, and 

 southward to central Georgia and southern Arkansas, growing usually on the borders of 

 the forest in low rich soil or on -the rocky banks of streams; of its largest size and probably 

 only arborescent on the slopes of the high Alleghany Mountains in North and South 

 Carolina and Tennessee. 



Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant in the northern states, and in western 

 and northern Europe. 



2. Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh. 



Leaves short-obovate or occasionally broad-elliptic, rounded, acute or rarely acuminate 

 at apex, cuneate, rounded or cordate at the narrow slightly unsymmetrical base, crenate- 

 lobulate above the middle with small rounded lobes, covered with short stellate hairs more 



Fig. 330 



abundant on the upper than on the lower surface, and at maturity dark green above, paler 

 below, and roughened by the persistent tubercle-like bases of the stellate hairs, 3'-5" long, 

 2'-3' wide, with a slender midrib and five or six pairs of primary veins; petioles slender, 

 pubescent, |'-f in length; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, scarious, hoary-pubescent, |'-|-' 

 long. Flowers opening in December, January and February; calyx yellow on the inner 

 surface; petals light yellow, %' long and less than iV wide. Fruit ripening in the autumn, 

 about \' in length; seed dark chestnut-brown or nearly black. 



A tree, often 30-45 high, producing stoloniferous shoots round the tall trunk often 1 

 in diameter, erect and spreading branches, and branchlets rusty or hoary-tomentose during 

 their first year, becoming glabrous or nearly glabrous and grayish brown in their second 

 season; often a shrub. Winter-buds rusty-tomentose, about \' in length. 



Distribution. Rich soil, by streams or along the borders of the forest; valley of the 

 lower Savannah River, near Savannah, Chatham County, and along the Wittlocoochee 

 River, Lowndes County, Georgia, to central and western Florida; through Alabama: in 



