634 TREES OF NORTH AMERICA 



hanging from the carpel at maturity; seed-coat black, shining, conspicuously marked by 

 the broad hilum; cotyledons oval or orbicular, folia ceous. 



Xanthoxylum is widely distributed through tropical and extratropical regions and is 

 most abundant in tropical America. It is represented in North America by one shrub 

 and by four arborescent species of the southern states. The resin contained in the bark, 

 especially in that of the roots, is a powerful stimulant and tonic occasionally used in 

 medicine. 



The generic name is from ZavQbs and &\ov. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE ARBORESCENT SPECIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Flowers in axillary contracted cymes; branches armed with stipular spines. 



1. X.Fagara (D, E). 

 Flowers in terminal cymes. 



Calyx-lobes and petals 5; leaves unequally pinnate. 



Leaves deciduous; branches armed with stout spines. 2. X. clava-Herculis (('). 



Leaves persistent; branches without spines. 3. X. flavum (D). 



Calyx-lobes and petals 3; leaves equally pinnate, persistent. 4. X. coriaceum (I)). 



1. Xanthoxylum Fagara Sarg. Wild Lime. 

 Fagara Fagara Small. 



Leaves persistent, 3'-4' long, with a broad-winged jointed petiole, and 7-9 obovate leaf- 

 lets rounded or emarginate at apex, minutely crenulate-toothed above the middle, sessile, 



%' long or less, coriaceous, glandular-punctate, bright green and lustrous, with minute 

 hooked deciduous stipular prickles. Flowers on short pedicels from the axils of minute 

 ovate obtuse deciduous bracts, in short axillary contracted cymes, appearing singly or in 

 pairs from April until June, on branches of the previous year, from minute dark brown 

 globular buds, the staminate and pistillate flowers on different trees; sepals 4, membrana- 

 ceous, much shorter than the 4 ovate yellow-green petals; stamens 4, with slender exserted 

 filaments, in the pistillate flower; pistils 2, with ovate sessile ovaries gradually contracted 

 into long slender subulate exserted styles united near apex and crowned with obliquely 

 spreading stigmas, rudimentary in the staminate flower. Fruit ripening in September, 

 obovoid, rusty brown and rugose, f'-j' long; seed dark and lustrous. 



A tree, occasionally 25-30 high, with a slender often inclining trunk, fastigiate branches, 

 and more or less zigzag slender dark gray branchlets armed with sharp hooked stipular 



